Packer VS aptly

The missing piece of puzzle is the AMI "golden image" that will be used to start the instances in autoscaling group. The AMI has to have NGINX and PHP installed with the list of required modules enabled. The great tool to brew one is hashicorp packer.

To manage a VM, you can use something as simple as just manual actions over SSH, or can use tools like Ansible, Hashicorp's Packer and Terraform or other automations. For an app where there is minimal load and security/reliability concern, VMs are still a great option that provide a lot of value for the buck

Server templating: Using Packer has never been easier to create reusable server configurations in a platform-independent and documented manner.

I'll give you hard, but rewarding and easy to modify(once you know what you're doing) way. Packer may be a thing you're looking for.

It is straightforward to build them with packer (I have built AMIs for 13.0 and 13.1, but 13.2 should be exactly the same). I've been meaning to write a blog post about it for a while, but have not gotten to it yet... In any case, what I am doing is using the EBS Surrogate Builder to start an instance running the official FreeBSD 13.2 image with an extra volume attached and run a script to create a zpool on the extra volume and bootstrap and configure FreeBSD 13.2-RELEASE on it. After that packer takes care of creating an AMI out of that extra volume, so you can use it... If you have any issues, let me know, and maybe I will finally get to writing that blog post...

HashiCorp Packer is a tool for creating machine images for a variety of platforms, including AWS, Azure, and VMware. It allows you to define machine images as code and supports a wide range of configuration options.

Packer is a tool that can be used to build machine images. Basically, it takes a base image, runs a series of steps to provision that image, and then burns a new image. In my workplace we use it heavily to build AWS AMIs. But it has an ARM plugin that looks to be very very suitable for building customised Raspberry Pi images (my quick read of the doco there says it can go ahead and write the final image to an SD card for you too).

Seems related to https://github.com/hashicorp/packer/issues/12118 But the workaround discribed in the comments doesn’t seems to work anymore

I'd suggest using a tool like Packer to build a gold image based on your base AMI and all your changes. Then you'll have your own AMI you can launch new instances with.

You should ask in the upstream bug tracker (is it this one? https://github.com/lubomir-brindza/nautilus-typeahead). First step is to get it to build for Debian manually/locally - i.e. patch the official nautilus Debian package. Then it's easy to setup a personal APT repository with aptly

Exactly what aptly is for. No idea about CentOS side, for that we just had rsync from official repo + some scripts

I'm not sure if this is an option, because it might break the isolation model, but you could setup repo mirrors in whatever tool of choice you like, but for Debian/Ubuntu, I think aptly is really featureful.

I know that it is not directly what you asked about, but without knowing how the signed debs are being used, I can say that if you were to use aptly to create an apt repo to house your debs to then be installed on whatever machines offline (assuming network connectivity, which may be an incorrect assumption), it requires you to sign a published repo/mirror, and also requires you to install and trust the key on any systems that you then want to use to install package unless you specifically use [trusted=yes] in the apt repo list file.

There's also Aptly but I've never used it. Looks neat, though.

I personally just mirror the packages for what ever I'm using with aptly and use the netinstall iso and point it to that local mirror. The netinstall iso will pull any needed updated from the repo.

Take a look at Aptly.

Aptly is a purpose-built DEB content management solution. Never used but I've heard good things.

The last time I got involved in repo/package management, we used aptly Later moved to Jfrog artifactory. The latter is very expensive.There is also pulp some said it is good, which I personally never managed in production environment, so I can't recommend for or against.