ox-pandoc VS pandoc-mode

You can use the ox-pandoc library to export from Org Mode in Emacs to 65 different formats (at time of writing) including all the ones you mention.

For some formats that pandoc does not output, there are also specialised ox-format libraries.

There are even several exporters to Github-flavoured markdown. I personally find both ox-pandoc and ox-gfm very useful for that purpose.

https://github.com/kawabata/ox-pandoc

Orgmode's page about tools about import & export actually includes both to an entry about export to pandoc (ox-pandoc) as well as import from pandoc (org-pandoc-import).

You need to install some package for that; have a look at https://github.com/kawabata/ox-pandoc for example.

The ox-pandoc package is really useful (you need to have pandoc itself installed) and can export to epub using just the export function of org-mode itself. (That, in turn, is described thoroughly in the org manual.)

It's always nice to see someone from the humanities interested in Emacs. I suspect that you'll find the best experience by using Org mode + Pandoc. This will let you write in a rather nice plaintext environment, and then export that to a .docx file. I don't think the styling will be great (could well be wrong though), but it should work fairly well :) Importing (from .docx to .org) is likely to be less smooth, but still decent.

Can also export directly to word through pandoc as well; there's a package ox-pandoc, which lets you do just that, and you can even include a reference document in case you need to have custom styles added to it.

If you want an easy, bare bones PDF export that is not LaTeX and doesn't require a bunch of fiddling to make it not look an LaTeX article, using ox-pandoc with the "mspdf" export (using pdfroff as the pdf generator) is decent. It doesn't support embedded images, but is otherwise pretty robust.

In addition to ox-pandoc, which is specifically for using org with pandoc, there is pandoc-mode. I personally use multi-compile with specific commands for each mode (markdown, html, org, beamer, etc). You can see how I set this up in my config files here.

Note that there is also pandoc-mode, which is actively maintained.

I've written things in org and then used pandoc to convert, as the org exporter doesn't natively output .docx. There's a very nice pandoc-mode package that gives you a handy emacs interface for doing all the great stuff pandoc does.