nodejs-bigquery VS Druid

If you've ever wondered what it's like to manage a BigQuery instance at Reddit scale, know that it's exactly like smaller systems just with much, much bigger numbers in the logs. Database management fundamentals are eerily similar regardless of scale or platform; BigQuery handles just about anything we throw at it, and we do indeed throw it the whole book. Our BigQuery platform is more than 100 petabytes of data that supports data science, machine learning, and analytics workloads that drive experiments, analytics, advertising, revenue, safety, and more. As Reddit grew, so did the workload velocity and complexity within BigQuery and thus the need for more elegant and fine-tuned workload management.

Now I know I've got some data I could use, I now need to find a platform that I can use to analyse the data coming from the Forem API. I did consider some other pieces of software, such as Google BigQuery (with looker studio) and ElasticSearch (with Kibana), I ultimately went with OpenSearch which is essentially a forked version of ElasticSearch maintained by AWS. The main reasons are that I could host it locally for free (unlike BigQuery). I do have some prior experience with both elastic (back when it was called ELK) and OpenSearch, but my work with OpenSearch was far more recent, so I decided to go with that.

First, in one of our recent projects, we helped our client to run the cloud-based infrastructure of their entirely automated, real-time SEO platform. The solution rested in the safe familiarity of Google’s popular cloud-based data centres (i.e. Google Cloud Platform), whilst also making use of BigQuery — a serverless, multi-cloud data warehouse.

Bigquery as our data warehouse

This post in github thinks it may be an error in bigquery's backend.

A data warehouse is a specialized database that's purpose built for gathering and analyzing data. Unlike general-purpose databases like MySQL or PostgreSQL, which are designed to meet the real-time performance and transactional needs of applications, a data warehouse is designed to collect and process the data produced by those applications, collectively and over time, to help you gain insight from it. Examples of data-warehouse products include Snowflake, Google BigQuery, Azure Synapse Analytics, and Amazon Redshift — all of which, incidentally, are easily managed with Pulumi.

Google BigQuery

Apache Druid

Apache Druid: Focused on real-time analytics and interactive queries on large datasets. Druid is well-suited for high-performance applications in user-facing analytics, network monitoring, and business intelligence.

Online analytical processing (OLAP) databases like Apache Druid, Apache Pinot, and ClickHouse shine in addressing user-initiated analytical queries. You might write a query to analyze historical data to find the most-clicked products over the past month efficiently using OLAP databases. When contrasting with streaming databases, they may not be optimized for incremental computation, leading to challenges in maintaining the freshness of results. The query in the streaming database focuses on recent data, making it suitable for continuous monitoring. Using streaming databases, you can run queries like finding the top 10 sold products where the “top 10 product list” might change in real-time.

https://github.com/apache/druid

It's always a question of tradeoffs.

The awesome-selfhosted project has a nice list of open-source analytics projects. It's really good inspiration to dig into these projects and find out about the technology choices that other open-source tools in the space have made.

Spencer Kimball (now CEO at CockroachDB) wrote an interesting article on this topic in 2021 where they created spencerkimball/stargazers based on a Python script. So I started thinking: could I create a data pipeline using Nifi and Kafka (two OSS tools often used with Druid) to get the API data into Druid - and then use SQL to do the analytics? The answer was yes! And I have documented the outcome below. Here’s my analytical pipeline for Github stars data using Nifi, Kafka and Druid.

Apache Druid is part of the modern data architecture. It uses a special data format designed for analytical workloads, using extreme parallelisation to get data in and get data out. A shared-nothing, microservices architecture helps you to build highly-available, extreme scale analytics features into your applications.

Apache Druid

But then you realize there are other databases out there focused specifically on analytical use cases with lots of data and complex queries. Newcomers like ClickHouse, Pinot, and Druid (all open source) respond to a new class of problem: The need to develop applications using endpoints published on analytical queries that were previously confined only to the data warehouse and BI tools.

Datadog's product is a bit too close to Apache Druid to have named their design system so similarly.

From https://druid.apache.org/ :

> Druid unlocks new types of queries and workflows for clickstream, APM, supply chain, network telemetry, digital marketing, risk/fraud, and many other types of data. Druid is purpose built for rapid, ad-hoc queries on both real-time and historical data.

Maybe rare for someone to be seeking their first coding job at that age. But plenty of us are in our 50s or older and still coding up a storm. And not necessarily ancient tech or anything. My current project exposes analytics data from Apache Druid and Cassandra via Go microservices hosted in K8s.