mimikatz VS BloodHound

Mimikatz

Typically, Mimikatz is used to extract NTLM password hashes or Kerberos tickets from memory. However, one of its lesser-known capabilities is the ability to extract plaintext passwords from dumps created for the LSASS process. This means that an attacker can compromise plaintext passwords without running any nefarious code on domain controllers. Dump files can be created interactively or using ProcDump , and in either case, the activity is unlikely to be flagged by anti-virus software. Once the dumps are created, they can be copied off the domain controller and the plaintext credentials can be harvested using Mimikatz offline.

Mimikatz can be used to perform pass-the-ticket, but in this post, we wanted to show how to execute the attack using another tool, Rubeus , lets you perform Kerberos based attacks. Rubeus is a C# toolset written by harmj0y and is based on the Kekeo project by Benjamin Delpy, the author of Mimikatz .

What is DCShadow? DCShadow is a command in the Mimikatz tool that enables an adversary to register a rogue domain controller and replicate malicious changes across the domain.

Mimikatz provides a variety of ways to extract and manipulate credentials, but one of the most alarming is the DCSync command. Using this command, an adversary can simulate the behavior of a domain controller and ask other domain controllers to replicate information — including user password data. In fact, attackers can get any account’s NTLM password hash or even its plaintext password, including the password of the KRBTGT account, which enables them to create Golden Tickets.

Using Mimikatz , it is possible to leverage the password of the KRBTGT account to create forged Kerberos Ticket Granting Tickets (TGTs) which can be used to request Ticket Granting Server (TGS) tickets for any service on any computer in the domain.

Using the ChangeNTLM and SetNTLM commands in Mimikatz , attackers can manipulate user passwords and escalate their privileges in Active Directory . Let’s take a look at these commands and what they do.

Mimikatz will extract local tickets and save them to disk for offline cracking. Simply install Mimikatz and issue a single command:

Tool Language Url Notes SharpHound .NET 4 executable https://github.com/BloodHoundAD/SharpHound/ Also possible to be executed in-memory using Cobalt Strike, check @william_knows’ blog post AzureHound PowerShell https://github.com/BloodHoundAD/AzureHound/ Specifically for Azure environments, outside of the scope of this article SharpHound.ps1 PowerShell https://github.com/BloodHoundAD/BloodHound/ Available from the Collectors folder. Using PowerShell reflectively loads the embedded SharpHound.exe .NET executable. It exposes the Invoke-BloodHound function which calls the main function of the SharpHound binary. SharpHound.py Python https://github.com/fox-it/BloodHound.py/ Python version of SharpHound ADExplorerSnapshot.py Python https://github.com/c3c/ADExplorerSnapshot.py/ Convert Sysinternals ADExplorer snapshots to BloodHound-compatible JSON files. BOFHound Python https://github.com/fortalice/bofhound/ Generate BloodHound compatible JSON from logs written by ldapsearch BOF and pyldapsearch.

Run Sharphound and bloodhound Bloodhound. It is excellent in determining relationships and privilege escalation paths that would allow the access.

BloodHound is a web application that identifies and visualizes attack paths in Active Directory environments. It identifies the fastest series of steps from any AD account or machine to a desired target, such as membership in the Domain Admins group. Regularly checking your AD using BloodHound can be an effective defense mechanism that helps you ensure that compromising an account or machine doesn’t enable an attacker to compromise your domain.

Bloodhound - AD attack path management/enumeration

I solved it by grabbing a new version of Sharphound.ps1 on the attack box, you can find it here: https://github.com/BloodHoundAD/BloodHound/tree/master/Collectors.

No live event would be complete without sessions. There were over 30 speakers who covered topics from starting a career in InfoSec, to in-depth sessions about using specific tools like BloodHound. Here are just a few high-level themes and highlights. All of these sessions, including mine, will be made available on the BSidesSLC YouTube channel soon.

If you're planning to use Active Directory and/or Azure AD, run ADRecon/AzureADRecon and Bloodhound frequently and review in depth. Run ScoutSuite frequently and review as part of a normal operational cycle (e.g., at weekly team meetings make the results available and set aside 15 minutes to discuss and make assignments). Look critically at where these three tools overlap within two or three degrees of separation from your jump hosts (e.g., hosts/nodes that are one or two devices away and users/security groups that are one or two devices away) for help prioritizing when you have too many high-risk/high-impact items to look through.