enhancements
gatekeeper
enhancements | gatekeeper | |
---|---|---|
58 | 22 | |
3,257 | 3,471 | |
1.6% | 2.2% | |
9.7 | 9.3 | |
5 days ago | 1 day ago | |
Go | Go | |
Apache License 2.0 | Apache License 2.0 |
Stars - the number of stars that a project has on GitHub. Growth - month over month growth in stars.
Activity is a relative number indicating how actively a project is being developed. Recent commits have higher weight than older ones.
For example, an activity of 9.0 indicates that a project is amongst the top 10% of the most actively developed projects that we are tracking.
enhancements
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IBM to buy HashiCorp in $6.4B deal
> was always told early on that although they supported vault on kubernetes via a helm chart, they did not recommend using it on anything but EC2 instances (because of "security" which never really made sense their reasoning).
The reasoning is basically that there are some security and isolation guarantees you don't get in Kubernetes that you do get on bare metal or (to a somewhat lesser extent) in VMs.
In particular for Kubernetes, Vault wants to run as a non-root user and set the IPC_LOCK capability when it starts to prevent its memory from being swapped to disk. While in Docker you can directly enable this by adding capabilities when you launch the container, Kubernetes has an issue because of the way it handles non-root container users specified in a pod manifest, detailed in a (long-dormant) KEP: https://github.com/kubernetes/enhancements/blob/master/keps/... (tl;dr: Kubernetes runs the container process as root, with the specified capabilities added, but then switches it to the non-root UID, which causes the explicitly-added capabilities to be dropped).
You can work around this by rebuilding the container and setting the capability directly on the binary, but the upstream build of the binary and the one in the container image don't come with that set (because the user should set it at runtime if running the container image directly, and the systemd unit sets it via systemd if running as a systemd service, so there's no need to do that except for working around Kubernetes' ambient-capability issue).
> It always surprised me how these conversations went. "Well we don't really recommend kubernetes so we won't support (feature)."
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Exploring cgroups v2 and MemoryQoS With EKS and Bottlerocket
0 is not the request we've defined. And that makes sense. Memory QoS has been in alpha since Kubernetes 1.22 (August 2021) and according to the KEP data was still in alpha as of 1.27.
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Jenkins Agents On Kubernetes
Note: There's actually a Structured Authentication Config established via KEP-3331. It's in v1.28 as a feature flag gated option and removes the limitation of only having one OIDC provider. I may look into doing an article on it, but for now I'll deal with the issue in a manner that should work even with a bit older versions versions of Kubernetes.
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Isint release cycle becoming a bit crazy with monthly releases and deprecations ?
Kubernetes supports a skew policy of n+2 between API server and kubelet. This means if your CP and DP are both on 1.20, you could upgrade your control plane twice (1.20 -> 1.21 -> 1.22) before you need to upgrade your data plane. And when it comes time to upgrade your data plane you can jump from 1.20 to 1.22 to minimize update churn. In the future, this skew will be opened to n+3 https://github.com/kubernetes/enhancements/tree/master/keps/sig-architecture/3935-oldest-node-newest-control-plane
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Kubernetes SidecarContainers feature is merged
The KEP (Kubernetes Enhancement Proposal) is linked to in the PR [1]. From the summary:
> Sidecar containers are a new type of containers that start among the Init containers, run through the lifecycle of the Pod and donāt block pod termination. Kubelet makes a best effort to keep them alive and running while other containers are running.
[1] https://github.com/kubernetes/enhancements/tree/master/keps/...
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What's there in K8s 1.27
This is where the new feature of mutable scheduling directives for jobs comes into play. This feature enables the updating of a job's scheduling directives before it begins. Essentially, it allows custom queue controllers to influence pod placement without needing to directly handle the assignment of pods to nodes themselves. To learn more about this check out the Kubernetes Enhancement Proposal 2926.
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Dependencies between Services
What your asking is a (vanilla) Kubernetes non-goal, others have mentioned fluxcd and other add ons that provide primitives for dependency aware deployments. The problem space is so large, that it's unreasonable to to address these concerns in Kubernetes itself, instead, make it extensible... Look at this KEP for example: https://github.com/kubernetes/enhancements/issues/753 Sidecar containers have existed, and been named as such since WAY before that KEP's inception, defining what these things should and shouldn't do is largely arbitrary. Aka: your use-case is niche, if you don't like the behavior, use flux or argo, or write something yourself.
- When you learn the Sidecar Container KEP got dropped from the Kubernets release. Again.
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Kubernetes 1.27 will be out next week! - Learn what's new and what's deprecated - Group volume snapshots - Pod resource updates - kubectl subcommands ā¦ And more!
If further interested, I may recommend checking out the KEP. I love how they document the decision making, and all these edge cases :).
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How can I force assign an IP to my Load Balancer ingress in āstatus.loadBalancerā?
See https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/kubectl/conventions/#subresources and https://github.com/kubernetes/enhancements/issues/2590
gatekeeper
- Shrink to Secure: Kubernetes and Secure Compact Containers
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Long, detailed post mortem on a reddit failed k8s upgrade
When the Gatekeeper validatingwebhook came up, I was really worried that'd be the issue! Regardless I'd recommend anyone who cares about their cluster not collapsing to change the gatekeeper webhook to only intercept resources you care about: https://github.com/open-policy-agent/gatekeeper/pull/1806
- Is OPA Gatekeeper the best solution for writing policies for k8s clusters?
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Implement DevSecOps to Secure your CI/CD pipeline
Kyverno adds an extra layer of security where only the allowed type of manifest is deployed onto kubernetes, otherwise, it will reject or we can set validationFailureAction to audit which only logs the policy violation message for reporting. Kubewarden and Gatekeeper are alternative tools available to enforce policies on Kubernetes CRD.
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Gatekeeper with Istio
Now, we have the hardest part resolved and let's turn our attention to the OPA Gatekeeper. Gatekeeper uses the OPA Constraint Framework to describe and enforce policy. Right now there are mainly 3 parts we should pay attention:
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10 Essentials For Kubernetes Multi-Tenancy
They enable you to establish the policies and regulations that govern cluster deployments and applications. Using predefined policies, policy engines can dynamically modify or create configurations. Policy engines such as Gatekeeper and Kyverno can be leveraged to meet legal and compliance requirements while maintaining operational flexibility and development speed.
- Gatekeeper - Policy Controller for Kubernetes
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Kubernetes for Startups: Practical Considerations for Your App
Setup policy around what resource requirements can be requested by an app per environment. OPA and gatekeeper or kyverno can help. Setup access control for who can create or modify apps.
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Kubernetes policy management: I - Introduction
OPA Gatekeeper is an open source, general purpose policy engine. OPA decouples policy decisions from other responsibilities of an application, like those commonly referred to as business logic. OPA works equally well making decisions for Kubernetes, Microservices, functional application authorization and more, thanks to its single unified policy language.
- Gatekeeper
What are some alternatives?
kubeconform - A FAST Kubernetes manifests validator, with support for Custom Resources!
Kyverno - Kubernetes Native Policy Management
spark-operator - Kubernetes operator for managing the lifecycle of Apache Spark applications on Kubernetes.
falco - Cloud Native Runtime Security
kubernetes-json-schema - Schemas for every version of every object in every version of Kubernetes
cloud-custodian - Rules engine for cloud security, cost optimization, and governance, DSL in yaml for policies to query, filter, and take actions on resources
klipper-lb - Embedded service load balancer in Klipper
k-rail - Kubernetes security tool for policy enforcement
Hey - HTTP load generator, ApacheBench (ab) replacement
connaisseur - An admission controller that integrates Container Image Signature Verification into a Kubernetes cluster
opa-envoy-plugin - A plugin to enforce OPA policies with Envoy