markdown VS org-fragtog

If your only target from Markdown is LaTeX, I recommend the LaTeX markdown package which uses lua to parse and convert the input markdown: https://github.com/Witiko/markdown

Pandoc shines when targetting multiple backends, like EPUB, HTML and LaTeX/PDF. But the LaTeX markdown package has one advantage when only targetting LaTeX, especially in academic settings: it translates everything to the LaTeX you'd expected. For example, citations are translated into biblatex calls, while pandoc generates all of the citations and the bibliography by itself, bypassing the style and behavior you and your professors might expect.

For a conversion to an e-book, it is possible to take a trip through (La)TeX and TeX4ht, or use Pandoc, which is pretty good at converting from Markdown to HTML (better than between, say, HTML and LaTeX). We will cover all these aspects and more in our book, which itself will be written and typeset using the Markdown package.

Writing inline LaTeX in an *.org file (I, like /u/doolio_, recommend Karthinks blog post about this along with the fragtog package.)

It can be arbitrary LaTeX. As the link states "Environments of any kind". You can also type C-c C-x C-l to render the LaTeX fragments as inline images (for example, see demo gif in https://github.com/io12/org-fragtog).

This feature is provided by org-appear . For latex fragments, the package providing the same feature is org-fragtog

I mean, what I'm looking for is something like this but while I am editing an *.tex file. I have tried the texfrag package, but it doesn't seem to work or I'm too stupid to set it up. Can someone explain to me how can this be achieved?

you can inline any latex, more or less, and you can rapidly toggle display with something like https://github.com/io12/org-fragtog , which is a convenience method on top.

And this also may interest you: https://github.com/io12/org-fragtog

Try the Org-fragtog package, it makes previewing easier. https://github.com/io12/org-fragtog

1.2. if you write latex i would also recommend org-fragtog.

I use a package called org-fragtog, which toggles between code and preview image depending on the location of the cursor. Really helpful for note-taking.