NullAway
FrameworkBenchmarks
NullAway | FrameworkBenchmarks | |
---|---|---|
21 | 366 | |
3,530 | 7,384 | |
1.0% | 0.4% | |
8.9 | 9.8 | |
3 days ago | 6 days ago | |
Java | Java | |
MIT License | GNU General Public License v3.0 or later |
Stars - the number of stars that a project has on GitHub. Growth - month over month growth in stars.
Activity is a relative number indicating how actively a project is being developed. Recent commits have higher weight than older ones.
For example, an activity of 9.0 indicates that a project is amongst the top 10% of the most actively developed projects that we are tracking.
NullAway
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What if null was an Object in Java?
Fortunately, Uber made tooling for languages with broken type systems
* https://github.com/uber/NullAway
* https://github.com/uber-go/nilaway
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My Thoughts on “Bad Code”
Some patterns arise from language design
* You can't express `T` where `null` is forbidden in the type system so you get NullPointerException everywhere and defensive null checks.
* You express a sum type as a product type because your language does not have sum types .
* Your language doesn't have first class multiple return values (or tuples) so you return extra parameters via out parameters or thread local variables such as `errno`.
* Your language doesn't have exceptions (or algebraic effects) and can't do IO so you have monad transformers.
* Your language doesn't have set-theoretic types so you need hacks like `thiserror` .
* Your language doesn't have stackful coroutines or can't infer async IO for you so you have `async/await` spam or callback hell or "mono's".
* Your language doesn't have exhaustive checks (or pattern matching) so you need a fallthrough case check on switch statements .
* Your language doesn't have algebraic effects, so you need to pass context everywhere.
I know someone will reply about Java's null annotation checking options, so here is one of them: https://github.com/uber/NullAway .
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Will Project Valhalla bring Kotlin-like nulls to Java?
If you must use Java, use Uber's Nullaway which gives null safety via Errorprone.
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Retrofitting null-safety onto Java at Meta
Does anyone have experience using this at Meta who can compare to https://github.com/uber/NullAway ?
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How to use Java Records
A special kind of validation is enforcing that record fields are not null. (Un)fortunately, records do not have any special behavior regarding nullability. You can use tools like NullAway or Error Prone to prevent null in your code in general, or you can add checks to your records:
- Backend Java 19 vs Kotlin?
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What does the future hold for Project Amber?
What do you think of https://github.com/uber/NullAway
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Plans for Compile-time Null Pointer Safety?
Take a look at NullAway, a plugin for Error Prone.
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Ask HN: What is a modern Java environment?
PMD, Spotbugs, Nullaway: Java linting/static analysis (https://pmd.github.io, https://spotbugs.github.io, https://github.com/uber/NullAway)
- Nullaway fully supports switch expressions without issues now in 0.9.5
FrameworkBenchmarks
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Why choose async/await over threads?
Neat. Thanks for sharing!
Interestingly, may-minihttp is faring very well in the TechEmpower benchmark [1], for whatever those benchmarks are worth. The code is also surprisingly straightforward [2].
[1] https://www.techempower.com/benchmarks/
[2] https://github.com/TechEmpower/FrameworkBenchmarks/blob/mast...
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Ntex: Powerful, pragmatic, fast framework for composable networking services
ntex was formed after a schism in actix-web and Rust safety/unsafety, with ntex allowing more unsafe code for better performance.
ntex is at the top of the TechEmpower benchmarks, although those benchmarks are not apples-to-apples since each uses its own tricks: https://www.techempower.com/benchmarks/#hw=ph&test=fortune&s...
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A decent VS Code and Ruby on Rails setup
Ruby is slow. Very slow. How much you may ask? https://www.techempower.com/benchmarks/#hw=ph&test=fortune&s... fastest Ruby entry is at 272th place. Sure, top entries tend to have questionable benchmark-golfing implementations, but it gives you a good primer on the overhead imposed by Ruby.
It is also not early 00s anymore, when you pick an interpreted language, you are not getting "better productivity and tooling". In fact, most interpreted languages lag behind other major languages significantly in the form of JS/TS, Python and Ruby suffering from different woes when it comes to package management and publishing. I would say only TS/JS manages to stand apart with being tolerable, and Python sometimes too by a virtue of its popularity and the amount of information out there whenever you need to troubleshoot.
If you liked Go but felt it being a too verbose to your liking, give .NET a try. I am advocating for it here on HN mostly for fun but it is, in fact, highly underappreciated, considered unsexy and boring while it's anything but after a complete change of trajectory in the last 3-5 years. It is actually the* stack people secretly want but simply don't know about because it is bundled together with Java in the public perception.
*productive CLI tooling, high performance, works well in a really wide range of workloads from low to high level, by far the best ORM across all languages and back-end framework that is easier to work with than Node.JS while consuming 0.1x resources
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The Erlang Ecosystem [video]
Although that seems to have improved in recent years.
https://www.techempower.com/benchmarks/#hw=ph&test=json§...
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Ruby 3.3
RoR and whatever C++ based web backend there is count as a valid comparison in my book. But comparing the languages itself is maybe a bit off.
On a side note, you can actually compare their performance here if you’re really curious. But take it with a grain of salt since these are synthetic benchmarks.
https://www.techempower.com/benchmarks
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API: Go, .NET, Rust
Most benchmarks you'll find essentially have someone's thumb on the scale (intentionally or unintentionally). Most people won't know the different languages well enough to create comparable implementations and if you let different people create the implementations, cheating happens. The TechEmpower benchmarks aren't bad, but many implementations put their thumb on the scale (https://www.techempower.com/benchmarks). For example, a lot of the Go implementations avoid the GC by pre-allocating/reusing structs or allocate arrays knowing how big they need to be in advance (despite that being against the rules). At some point, it becomes "how many features have you turned off." Some Go http routers (like fasthttp and those built off it like Atreugo and Fiber) aren't actually correct and a lot of people in the Go community discourage their use, but they certainly top the benchmarks. Gin and Echo are usually the ones that are well-respected in the Go community.
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Rage: Fast web framework compatible with Rails
There is certainly a lot of speculation in Techempower benchmarks and top entries can utilize questionable techniques like simply writing a byte array literal to output stream instead of constructing a response, or (in the past) DB query coalescing to work around inherent limitations of the DB in case of Fortunes or DB quries.
And yet, the fastest Ruby entry is at 274th place while Rails is at 427th.
https://www.techempower.com/benchmarks/#hw=ph&test=fortune&s...
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Node.js – v20.8.1
oh what machine? with how many workers? doing what?
search for "node" on this page: https://www.techempower.com/benchmarks/#section=data-r21
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Strong typing, a hill I'm willing to die on
JustJS would like a word https://www.techempower.com/benchmarks/#section=data-r20&tes...
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Rust vs Go: A Hands-On Comparison
In terms of RPS, this web service is more-or-less the fortunes benchmark in the techempower benchmarks, once the data hits the cache: https://www.techempower.com/benchmarks/#section=data-r21
Or, at least, they would be after applying optimizations to them.
In short, both of these would serve more rps than you will likely ever need on even the lowest end virtual machines. The underlying API provider will probably cut you off from querying them before you run out of RPS.
What are some alternatives?
SonarQube - Continuous Inspection
zio-http - A next-generation Scala framework for building scalable, correct, and efficient HTTP clients and servers
Error Prone - Catch common Java mistakes as compile-time errors
drogon - Drogon: A C++14/17 based HTTP web application framework running on Linux/macOS/Unix/Windows [Moved to: https://github.com/drogonframework/drogon]
infer - A static analyzer for Java, C, C++, and Objective-C
django-ninja - 💨 Fast, Async-ready, Openapi, type hints based framework for building APIs
Spotbugs - SpotBugs is FindBugs' successor. A tool for static analysis to look for bugs in Java code.
LiteNetLib - Lite reliable UDP library for Mono and .NET
FindBugs - The new home of the FindBugs project
C++ REST SDK - The C++ REST SDK is a Microsoft project for cloud-based client-server communication in native code using a modern asynchronous C++ API design. This project aims to help C++ developers connect to and interact with services.
Checkstyle - Checkstyle is a development tool to help programmers write Java code that adheres to a coding standard. By default it supports the Google Java Style Guide and Sun Code Conventions, but is highly configurable. It can be invoked with an ANT task and a command line program.
SQLBoiler - Generate a Go ORM tailored to your database schema.