kubernetes VS Portainer

This is my first attempt to install and use Kubernetes. I am trying to install an environment on Mac for developing my own apps and deploying them for test locally with Kubernetes. I am familiar with using Vagrant, VirtualBox and Docker for the same purpose. When I saw this page https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes/blob/master/docs/getting-started-guides/vagrant.md I assumed it would be trivial. I executed these lines:

I see in the docs how do do this for pods, but I want to use a replication controller to manage my pods, ensuring that there is always one up at all times.

kube-apiserver.service - Kubernetes API Server Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service; enabled) Active: active (running) since Mon 2015-08-24 15:03:07 UTC; 5min ago Docs: https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes Main PID: 13663 (kube-apiserver) CGroup: /system.slice/kube-apiserver.service └─13663 /usr/bin/kube-apiserver --logtostderr=true --v=0 --etcd\_servers=http://127.0.0.1:4001 --address=0.0.0.0 --port=8080 --kubelet\_port=10250 --allow\_privileged=false --service-cluster-ip-range=10.254.0.0/16 --admission\_control=NamespaceAutoProvision,LimitRanger,SecurityContextDeny,ServiceAccount,ResourceQuota --service\_account\_key\_file=/etc/kubernetes/certs/serviceaccount.key How can i fix this error?

I've read that AWS does not support Kubernetes and builds their own Docker orchestration engine EC2 Container Service. However, on Kubernetes getting-started -page there is a guide on how to run Kubernetes on AWS: https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes/blob/master/docs/getting-started-guides/aws.md

I heard here it may be https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/cluster/kube-push.sh. If that is the case how does kube-push.sh relate to https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes/blob/master/cluster/gce/upgrade.sh?

On this page in the Kubernetes docs Pods, it states

I am trying to consume an event stream provided by the Kubernetesapi using the requests module. I have run into what looks like abuffering problem: the requests module seems to lag by one event.

I read "In other words, the system's behavior is level-based rather than edge-based" from kubernetes documentation:https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes/blob/master/docs/api-conventions.md

I am following the Fedora getting started guide (https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes/blob/master/docs/getting-started-guides/fedora/fedora_ansible_config.md) and trying to run the pod fedoraapache. But kubectl always shows fedoraapache as pending:

systemctl status -l kubelet● kubelet.service - Kubernetes Kubelet Server Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled) Active: active (running) since lun 2016-04-04 08:08:59 CEST; 9min ago Docs: https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes Main PID: 2112 (kubelet) Memory: 39.3M CGroup: /system.slice/kubelet.service └─2112 /usr/bin/kubelet --logtostderr=true --v=0 --api-servers=http://kubernetes-master:8080 --address=0.0.0.0 --allow-privileged=false --pod-infra-container-image=registry.access.redhat.com/rhel7/pod-infrastructure:latestapr 04 08:13:33 kubernetes-minion1 kubelet[2112]: W0404 08:13:33.877859 2112 kubelet.go:1690] Orphaned volume "167d0ead-fa29-11e5-bddc-064278000020/default-token-0dci1" found, tearing down volumeapr 04 08:13:53 kubernetes-minion1 kubelet[2112]: W0404 08:13:53.887279 2112 kubelet.go:1690] Orphaned volume "9f772358-fa2b-11e5-bddc-064278000020/default-token-0dci1" found, tearing down volumeapr 04 08:14:35 kubernetes-minion1 kubelet[2112]: I0404 08:14:35.341994 2112 provider.go:91] Refreshing cache for provider: *credentialprovider.defaultDockerConfigProviderapr 04 08:14:35 kubernetes-minion1 kubelet[2112]: E0404 08:14:35.397168 2112 manager.go:1867] Failed to create pod infra container: impossible: cannot find the mounted volumes for pod "wildfly-rc-oroab\_default"; Skipping pod "wildfly-rc-oroab\_default"apr 04 08:14:35 kubernetes-minion1 kubelet[2112]: E0404 08:14:35.401583 2112 pod\_workers.go:113] Error syncing pod 167d0ead-fa29-11e5-bddc-064278000020, skipping: impossible: cannot find the mounted volumes for pod "wildfly-rc-oroab\_default"apr 04 08:14:58 kubernetes-minion1 kubelet[2112]: E0404 08:14:58.076530 2112 manager.go:1867] Failed to create pod infra container: impossible: cannot find the mounted volumes for pod "wildfly-rc-1aimv\_default"; Skipping pod "wildfly-rc-1aimv\_default"apr 04 08:14:58 kubernetes-minion1 kubelet[2112]: E0404 08:14:58.078292 2112 pod\_workers.go:113] Error syncing pod 9f772358-fa2b-11e5-bddc-064278000020, skipping: impossible: cannot find the mounted volumes for pod "wildfly-rc-1aimv\_default"apr 04 08:15:23 kubernetes-minion1 kubelet[2112]: W0404 08:15:23.879138 2112 kubelet.go:1690] Orphaned volume "56257e55-fa2c-11e5-bddc-064278000020/default-token-0dci1" found, tearing down volumeapr 04 08:15:28 kubernetes-minion1 kubelet[2112]: E0404 08:15:28.574574 2112 manager.go:1867] Failed to create pod infra container: impossible: cannot find the mounted volumes for pod "wildfly-rc-43b0f\_default"; Skipping pod "wildfly-rc-43b0f\_default"apr 04 08:15:28 kubernetes-minion1 kubelet[2112]: E0404 08:15:28.581467 2112 pod\_workers.go:113] Error syncing pod 56257e55-fa2c-11e5-bddc-064278000020, skipping: impossible: cannot find the mounted volumes for pod "wildfly-rc-43b0f\_default" Could someone, kindly, help me?Thanks in advance.

Portainer

> Any tips on the minimum hardware or VPS's needed to get a small swarm cluster setup?

From my testing, Docker Swarm is very lightweight, uses less memory than both Hashicorp Nomad and lightweight Kubernetes distros (like K3s). Most of the resource requirements will depend on what containers you actually want to run on the nodes.

You might build a cluster from a bunch of Raspberry Pis, some old OptiPlex boxes or laptops, or whatever you have laying around and it's mostly going to be okay. On a practical level, anything with 1-2 CPU cores and 4 GB of RAM will be okay for running any actually useful software, like a web server/reverse proxy, some databases (PostgreSQL/MySQL/MariaDB), as well as either something for a back end or some pre-packaged software, like Nextcloud.

So, even 5$/month VPSes are more than suitable, even from some of the more cheap hosts like Hetzner or Contabo (though the latter has a bad rep for limited/no support).

That said, you might also want to look at something like Portainer for a nice web based UI, for administering the cluster more easily, it really helps with discoverability and also gives you redeploy web hooks, to make CI easier: https://www.portainer.io/ (works for both Docker Swarm as well as Kubernetes, except the Kubernetes ingress control was a little bit clunky with Traefik instead of Nginx)

In this section, we will add Portainer to help us in managing our Docker containers. You can find more details about it here. To integrate Portainer into our EC2 project, we can follow these steps:

Git issues pointing to: https://docs.portainer.io/v/ce-2.9/start/install/agent/swarm/linux gives a ERR_TOO_MANY_REDIRECTS.

I am currently running Portainer, but webhooks (GitOps) appear to be broken ( [2.19.0] GitOps Updates not automatically polling from git · Issue #10309 · portainer/portainer · GitHub ) and so I cannot send webhook to redeploy a stack. So, looking for alternatives. Using this as a good excuse to learn more about docker and CI/CD etc.

A Synology NAS running Portainer (https://www.portainer.io/) running Paperless NGX (https://github.com/paperless-ngx/paperless-ngx)

This works better than I can possibly tell you.

I have an Epson WorkForce ES-580W that I bought when my mother passed away to bulk scan documents and it scans everything, double-sided if required, multi-page PDFs if required, at very high speed and uploads everything to OneDrive, at which point I drag and drop everything into Paperless.

I could, thinking about it, have the scanner email stuff to Paperless. Might investigate that today.

Paperless will OCR it and make it all searchable. This setup is amazing, I love living in the future.

> I've come to the conclusion (after trying kops, kubespray, kubeadm, kubeone, GKE, EKS) that if you're looking for < 100 node cluster, docker swarm should suffice. Easier to setup, maintain and upgrade.

Personally, I'd also consider throwing Portainer in there, which gives you both a nice way to interact with the cluster, as well as things like webhooks: https://www.portainer.io/

With something like Apache, Nginx, Caddy or something else acting as your "ingress" (taking care of TLS, reverse proxy, headers, rate limits, sometimes mTLS etc.) it's a surprisingly simple setup, at least for simple architectures.

casaos it just makes things like backups, offsite syncing and many other nas related things so much easier to manage. And gives you a proper nas like experience similar to that in which you'd fine on companies like tnas or synology. I actually also use it as a replacement for portainer when i don't need the more advanced features it offers

> I moved to docker swarm and love it. It's so much easier, straight forward, automatic ingress network and failover were all working out of the box. I'll stay with swarm for now.

I've had decent luck in the past with the K3s distribution, which is a bit cut down Kubernetes: https://k3s.io/

It also integrates nicely with Portainer (aside from occasional Traefik ingress weirdness sometimes), which I already use for Swarm and would suggest to anyone that wants a nice web based UI: https://www.portainer.io/

Others might also mention K0s, MicroK8s or others - there's lots of options there. But even so, I still run Docker Swarm for most of my private stuff as well and it's a breeze.

For my needs, it has just the right amount of abstractions: stacks with services that use networks and can have some storage in the form of volumes or bind mounts. Configuration in the form of environment variables and/or mounted files (or secrets), some deployment constraints and dependencies sometimes, some health checks and restart policies, as well as resource limits.

If I need a mail server, then I just have a container that binds to the ports (even low port numbers) that I need and configure it. If I need a web server, then I can just run Apache/Nginx/Caddy and use more or less 1:1 configuration files that I'd use when setting up either outside of containers, but with the added benefit of being able to refer to other apps by their service names (or aliases, if they have underscores in the names, which sometimes isn't liked).

At a certain scale, it's dead simple to use - no need for PVs and PVCs, no need for Ingress and Service abstractions, or lots and lots of templating that Helm charts would have (although those are nice in other ways).