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InfluxDB
Power Real-Time Data Analytics at Scale. Get real-time insights from all types of time series data with InfluxDB. Ingest, query, and analyze billions of data points in real-time with unbounded cardinality.
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OpenMediaVault
openmediavault is the next generation network attached storage (NAS) solution based on Debian Linux. Thanks to the modular design of the framework it can be enhanced via plugins. openmediavault is primarily designed to be used in home environments or small home offices.
I also 100% agree that you should check out Perfect Media Server, feel like it's required reading at this point when starting out with a home media server.
As far as your download needs go, start investigating docker and the *arr stack. You can borrow some inspiration here: https://github.com/jgwehr/homelab-docker
As for OS, I personally just use plain Debian, but TrueNAS Scale or OpenMediaVault sound more up your alley based on your requirements. If you have any interest in also using the server for VMs, check out Proxmox. There's also Unraid but it's not free, the cheapest option is $59. TrueNAS, Proxmox and OMV all have have nice web-based GUIs that make everything a little easier to manage.