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milewski-ctfp-pdf
Bartosz Milewski's 'Category Theory for Programmers' unofficial PDF and LaTeX source
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Category theory for programmers by Bartosz Milewski [0] is another great resource geared more towards how programmers can leverage it in their work.
0. https://bartoszmilewski.com/2014/10/28/category-theory-for-p...
Honestly, the entire part of the post before getting to categories is what I think is most useful for the broadest range of people. We often look at "logic" and "mathematics" as one thing, and even more than that, we look at them as absolutes - if something is mathematically proven, it is certainly a fact, no?
Well, it turns out even here there are still shades of gray, and the difference between classical and intuitionistic logic is the perfect example. Not everyone even agrees on the foundation of what logic and math are. And, each has their own benefits and strengths (intuitionistic logic tends to go hand in hand with type theory as the basis for theorem provers / proof assistants for mostly practical reasons).
Classical logic has always made the most sense to me, because accepting the law of excluded middle leads to a neater world of arguments to me. If you can't prove something, it is treated as false. Might be harsh, but that harshness yields simplicity.
I have come to at least understand the intuitionistic perspective though, because of how prevalent it is in the verification space - I have been super into F* recently (https://www.fstar-lang.org/), and this comes from a line of logics and programming languages that owe their life to intuitionistic logic. I like Andrej Bauer's position of being a "mathematical relavist," where he says "we cannot ignore the many worlds of mathematics" (http://math.andrej.com/2012/10/03/am-i-a-constructive-mathem...).
Math and logic are vast spaces with different systems and perspectives, and rather than treat one as universal truth, it is practically more beneficial to be familiar with the different systems and their perspectives, and to be able to switch between them when practical.