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InfluxDB
Power Real-Time Data Analytics at Scale. Get real-time insights from all types of time series data with InfluxDB. Ingest, query, and analyze billions of data points in real-time with unbounded cardinality.
They also have more examples and tutorials in their documentation pages. You should check slater too, it's a complete Shopify development toolkit https://github.com/the-couch/slater
You have a TON of freedom on the storefront. The checkout, as mentioned before, is pretty darn limited. However you can "monkeypatch" the checkout flow and make most things happen. As far as Liquid goes, read the docs to suss out the limitations and capabilities. I'd recommend using either Themekit, Motifmate, or standard Liquid package locally (won't include Shopify-focused features but will have templating, basic utils, etc) to have a workflow where you can use source control, have local development, and a smooth deployment process.