openai-cookbook VS pal

A pretrained LLM is a closed-book system: It can only access information that it was trained on. With domain fine-tuning, the system manifests additional material. An early prototype of this technique was shown in this OpenAi cookbook: For the target domain, text was embedded using an API, and then when using the LLM, embeddings were retrieved using semantic similarity search to formulate an answer. Although this approach evolved to retrieval-augmented generation, its still a technique to adapt a Gen2 (2020) or Gen3 (2022) LLM into a question-answering system.

https://github.com/openai/openai-cookbook/blob/main/examples...

It sounds like you are trying to tweak embeddings for similarity search. Rather than fine-tune the model's layers, you may want to try training a linear transformation the existing model's output embedding. Openai has a cookbook on how to do that. You will need some data though - but I think you can try it with ~20 pieces of synthetically generated data.

tutorial from OpenAI https://github.com/openai/openai-cookbook/blob/main/examples/Question_answering_using_embeddings.ipynb

OpenAI Cookbook

OpenAI community repo with lots of examples: https://github.com/openai/openai-cookbook

Using the terminology that I'm working with this is an example of a second-order analytic augmentation!

Here's another approach of second-order analytic augmentation, PAL: https://reasonwithpal.com

And third-order, Toolformer: https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.04761

The difference isn't in what is going on but rather with framing the approach within the analytic-synthetic distinction developed by Kant and the analytic philosophers who were influenced by his work. There's a dash of functional programming thrown in for good measure!

I have scribbled on a print-out of the article on my desk:

  Nth Order

GitHub: https://github.com/reasoning-machines/pal

tl;dr -- LLMs are bad at basic arithmetic and logic (as their opening examples with math word problems show), but they do much better if instead of asking them for the answer, you ask for code to compute the answer. Then evaluate or run the code to get the answer.