lean4 VS zero-to-production

Lean is free and open source and nothing to do with MS. Check out https://lean-lang.org/ and https://github.com/leanprover/lean4 -- no mention of MS or MSR (where de Moura was where he developed Lean 3 and started on Lean 4).

Recently replaced by Lean, though.

https://github.com/cedar-policy/cedar-spec

https://lean-lang.org

Nice read! Rust has pushed, and will continue to push, the limits of practical, bare metal, memory safe languages. And it's interesting to think about what's next, maybe eventually there will be some form of practical theorem proving "for the masses". Lean 4 looks great and has potential, but it's still mostly a language for mathematicians. There has been some research on AI constructed proofs, which could be the best of both worlds because then the type checker can verify that the AI generated code/proof is indeed correct. Tools like Kani are also a step forward in program correctness.

Yeah, I believe they said intend for it to be used as a general purpose programming language. I used it to complete Advent of Code last year.

There are some really interesting features for general purpose programming in there. For example: you can code updates to arrays in a functional style (change a value, get a new array back), but if the refcount is 1, it updates in place. This works for inductive types and structures, too. So I was able to efficiently use C-style arrays (O(1) update/lookup) while writing functional code. (paper: https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.05647 )

Another interesting feature is that the "do" blocks include mutable variables and for loops (with continue / break / return), that gets compiled down to monad operations. (paper: https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3547640 )

And I'm impressed that you can add to the syntax of the language, in the same way that the language is implemented, and then use that syntax in the next line of code. (paper: https://lmcs.episciences.org/9362/pdf ). There is an example in the source repository that adds and then uses a JSX-like syntax. (https://github.com/leanprover/lean4/blob/master/tests/playgr... )

My latest inspiration to use code to a) replace my video editor, b) learn the basics of EDM production and c) understand a few topics in higher maths. This might sound very strange given there are specialised tools for these jobs. There's iMovie / Adobe Premier for video, there's GarageBand and FL studio for music and old good pen and pencil for math proofs. But these tools have three big limitations. First they have a lot of idiosyncratic learning, you have to spend quite some time getting used to these tools and my experience is that this time is quite upsetting. In contrast, you only have to learn to code one, maybe spend a few hours getting used to the syntax of another language. I'm not sure if that's true for most people but it was true for me using the tools mentioned above and wanted a place to discuss and see other people ideas and experiments. The second issue is that all these custom-made tools, are not composing easily. I can't search for all math proofs that used a single theorem. I can't create a plugin for iMovie and apply it to all my videos. I can't pick easily pick a rhythm from the internet and build upon for fun. There's also the issue of costs and version control, all tools I'm using today are open source and my work is stored in my repositories. This way I can create branches and test my ideas and I'm also confident that I can work in these projects in years.

Zero to Production in Rust - Book by Luca Palmieri: An in-depth book that guides readers through building a fully functional backend application in Rust, from zero to production.

And the book "Zero To Production In Rust - An introduction to backend development", I didn’t read it yet but seems pretty good

It’s a lot simpler if you add serde to the mix (derive Deserialize for your settings types). Have a look at the example from the Zero to Production book: https://github.com/LukeMathWalker/zero-to-production/blob/main/src/configuration.rs

You probably want to check out the Zero to Production book which is about using Rust for back-end development.

https://www.zero2prod.com/

If your'e more into a tutorial with a book https://www.zero2prod.com/ is really good. You gonna build a newsletter service. With all the good stuff in backend development.

If you want to build a backend in Rust, Axum (which uses hyper underneath) is pretty recommended these days, as it's all in the tokio ecosystem. Actix Web is good too, but it has its own ecosystem of libraries. I read the book Zero To Production in Rust [0] which was a great overview on not just Rust but scalable backend architectures as a whole.

Interestingly, Cloudflare wanted to use hyper but found that it was too correct, so they had to build their own [1].

[0] https://www.zero2prod.com

[1] https://blog.cloudflare.com/how-we-built-pingora-the-proxy-t...

In addition to the book, which has already been recommended. If you’re specifically into backend you should try Zero to Production. Luca really knows what he’s talking about, and it’s an excellent overview of backend rust and the development process in general.

I highly recommend the book Zero to Production in Rust which also has an associated GitHub. I like the style of the writing and the explanations used within the book. Even though it uses Rust, the concepts seem to work in any language - I have applied the concepts to both Go and Python in the past.

I would recommend you a book - "Zero to Production in Rust" https://www.zero2prod.com/

if you want to learn more about web backend development there is nothing better then https://www.zero2prod.com/