http.zig
libuv
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http.zig
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Epoll: The API that powers the modern internet (2022)
I have a somewhat popular HTTP server library for Zig [1]. It started off as a thread-per-connection (with an optional thread pool), but when it became apparent that async wasn't going to be added back into the language any time soon, I switched to using epoll/kqueue.
Both APIs allow you to associate arbitrary data (void ) with the event that you're registering. So when you're notified of the event, you can access this data. In my case, it's a big Conn struct. It contains things like the # of requests on this connection (to enforce a configured max request per connection), a timestamp where it should timeout if there's no activity. The Conn is part of an intrusive linked list, so it has a next: Conn and prev: *Conn. But, what you're probably most curious about, is that it has a Request.State. This has a static buffer ([]u8) that can grow as needed to hold all the received data up until that point (or if we're writing the data, then the buffered data that we have to write). It's important to have a max # of connections and a max request size so you can enforce an upper limit on the maximum memory the library might use. It acts as a state machine to track up to what point it's parsed the request. (since you don't want to have to re-parse the entire request as more bytes trickle in).
It's all half-baked. I can do receiving/sending asynchronously, but the application handler is called synchronously, and if that, for example, calls PG, that's probably also synchronous (since there's no async PG library in Zig). Makes me feel that any modern language needs a cohensive (as in standard library, or de facto standard) concurrency story.
[1] https://github.com/karlseguin/http.zig
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0.11.0 Release Notes
I took a year off, and one of the things I did was learn Zig. I've built a number of libraries, including one of the currently more popular HTTP server libraries (https://github.com/karlseguin/http.zig).
A number of my libraries are used for https://www.aolium.com/ which I decided to write for myself.
I try to write a bit every day with the benefit that I can "waste" time digging into things or exploring likely-to-fail paths.
libuv
- Epoll: The API that powers the modern internet (2022)
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APIs in Go with Huma 2.0
I wound up on a different team with pre-existing Python code so temporarily shelved my use of Go for a bit, and we used Sanic (an async Python framework built on top of the excellent uvloop & libuv that also powers Node.js) to build some APIs for live channel management & operations. We hand-wrote our OpenAPI and used it to generate documentation and a CLI, which was an improvement over what was there (or not) before. Other teams used the OpenAPI document to generate SDKs to interact with our service.
- Python Is Easy. Go Is Simple. Simple = Easy
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Notes: Advanced Node.js Concepts by Stephen Grider
In the source code of the Node.js opensource project, lib folder contains JavaScript code, mostly wrappers over C++ and function definitions. On the contrary, src folder contains C++ implementations of the functions, which pulls dependencies from the V8 project, the libuv project, the zlib project, the llhttp project, and many more - which are all placed at the deps folder.
- A Magia do Event Loop
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A complete guide to the Node.js event loop
Libuv, the C library that gives Node.js its asynchronous, non-blocking I/O capability is responsible for managing the thread pool. Node.js gives you the capability of using additional threads for computationally expensive and long-lasting operations to avoid blocking the event loop.
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What is Node.js?: A Complete Guide
Node.js is written in C, C++, and JavaScript. The core components of Node.js - the V8 engine and the libuv library - are written in C++ and C, respectively, since these languages provide low-level access to system resources, making them well-suited for building high-performance and efficient applications. JavaScript is mainly used to write the application logic.
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Node v20.3.0 (Current) upgrade to libuv 1.45.0, including SIGNIFICANT performance improvements to file system operations on Linux
x8 apparently https://github.com/libuv/libuv/pull/3952
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Node.js – v20.3.0
Notably upgrades to libuv 1.45 which has io_uring support. Faster file system access! Awhh yeah, it's on.
Remarkable what a mild & unintrusive PR adding io_uring was. https://github.com/libuv/libuv/pull/3952
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Using Parallel Processing in Node.js and its Limitations
Well, the single-threaded nature ultimately leads to its biggest downfall. Node.js utilizes a synchronous event loop engineered using Libuv that takes in code from the call stack and executes it.
What are some alternatives?
ctregex.zig - Compile time regular expressions in zig
libevent - Event notification library
zeroman
Boost.Asio - Asio C++ Library
libxev - libxev is a cross-platform, high-performance event loop that provides abstractions for non-blocking IO, timers, events, and more and works on Linux (io_uring or epoll), macOS (kqueue), and Wasm + WASI. Available as both a Zig and C API.
libev - Full-featured high-performance event loop loosely modelled after libevent
zigself - An implementation of the Self programming language in Zig
tokio-uring - An io_uring backed runtime for Rust
meduza - 🧜♀️ Zig codebase graph generator that emits a Mermaid class diagram.
uvw - Header-only, event based, tiny and easy to use libuv wrapper in modern C++ - now available as also shared/static library!
libvlc-zig - Zig bindings for libVLC media framework.
C++ Actor Framework - An Open Source Implementation of the Actor Model in C++