Apache HBase
Apache Hadoop
Apache HBase | Apache Hadoop | |
---|---|---|
10 | 26 | |
5,123 | 14,342 | |
0.5% | 0.4% | |
9.6 | 9.9 | |
about 7 hours ago | about 3 hours ago | |
Java | Java | |
Apache License 2.0 | Apache License 2.0 |
Stars - the number of stars that a project has on GitHub. Growth - month over month growth in stars.
Activity is a relative number indicating how actively a project is being developed. Recent commits have higher weight than older ones.
For example, an activity of 9.0 indicates that a project is amongst the top 10% of the most actively developed projects that we are tracking.
Apache HBase
-
How to choose the right type of database
HBase and Cassandra: Both cater to non-structured Big Data. Cassandra is geared towards scenarios requiring high availability with eventual consistency, while HBase offers strong consistency and is better suited for read-heavy applications where data consistency is paramount.
-
When to Use a NoSQL Database
NoSQL databases are non-relational databases with flexible schema designed for high performance at a massive scale. Unlike traditional relational databases, which use tables and predefined schemas, NoSQL databases use a variety of data models. There are 4 main types of NoSQL databases - document, graph, key-value, and column-oriented databases. NoSQL databases generally are well-suited for unstructured data, large-scale applications, and agile development processes. The most popular examples of NoSQL databases are MongoDB (document), Memgraph (graph), Redis (key-value store) and Apache HBase (column-oriented).
-
YouTube System Design
### YouTube The popular implementations of an on-demand video streaming service are the following: - YouTube - Netflix - Vimeo - TikTok --- #### Requirements - The user (**client**) can upload video files - The user can stream video content - The user can search for videos based on the video title --- #### Data storage ##### Database schema - The primary entities are the videos, the users, and the comments tables - The relationship between the users and the videos is 1-to-many - The relationship between the users and the comments table is 1-to-many - The relationship between the videos and the comments table is 1-to-many --- ##### Type of data store - The wide-column data store ([LSM](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Log-structured\_merge-tree) tree-based) such as [Apache HBase](https://hbase.apache.org/) is used to persist thumbnail images for clumping the files together, fault-tolerance, and replication - A cache server such as Redis is used to store the metadata of popular video content - Message queue such as Apache Kafka is used for the asynchronous processing (encoding) of videos - A relational database such as MySQL stores the metadata of the users and the videos - The video files are stored in a managed object storage such as AWS S3 - Lucene-based inverted-index data store such as Apache Solr is used to persist the video index data to provide search functionality --- #### High-level design - Popular video content is streamed from CDN - Video encoding (**transcoding**) is the process of converting a video format to other formats (MPEG, HLS) to provide the best stream possible on multiple devices and bandwidth - A message queue can be configured between services for parallelism and improved fault tolerance Codecs (H.264, VP9, HEVC) are compression and decompression algorithms used to reduce video file size while preserving video quality - The popular video streaming protocols (data transfer standard) are **MPEG-DASH** (Moving Pictures Experts Group - Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP), **Apple HLS** (HTTP Live Streaming), **Microsoft Smooth Streaming**, and **Adobe HDS** (HTTP Dynamic Streaming) --- #### Video upload workflow 1. The user (**client**) executes a DNS query to identify the server 2. The client makes an HTTP connection to the load balancer 3. The video upload requests are rate limited to prevent malicious clients 4. The load balancer delegates the client's request to an API server (**web server**) with free capacity 5. The web server delegates the client's request to an app server that handles the API endpoint 6. The ID of the uploaded video is stored on the message queue for asynchronous processing of the video file 7. The title and description (**metadata**) of the video are stored in the metadata database 8. The app server queries the object store service to generate a pre-signed URL for storing the raw video file 9. The client uploads the raw video file directly to the object store using the pre-signed URL to save the system network bandwidth 10. The transcoding servers query the message queue using the publish-subscribe pattern to get notified on uploaded videos 11. The transcoding server fetches the raw video file by querying the raw object store 12. The transcoding server transcodes the raw video file into multiple codecs and stores the transcoded content on the transcoded object store 13. The thumbnail server generates on average five thumbnail images for each video file and stores the generated images on the thumbnail store 14. The transcoding server persists the ID of the transcoded video on the message queue for further processing 15. The upload handler service queries the message queue through the publish-subscribe pattern to get notified on transcoded video files 16. The upload handler service updates the metadata database with metadata of transcoded video files 17. The upload handler service queries the notification service to notify the client of the video processing status 18. The database can be partitioned through [consistent hashing](https://systemdesign.one/consistent-hashing-explained/) (key = user ID or video ID) 19. [Block matching](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block-matching\_algorithm) or [Phase correlation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase\_correlation) algorithms can be used to detect the duplicate video content 20. The web server (API server) must be kept stateless for scaling out through replication 21. The video file is stored in multiple resolutions and formats in order to support multiple devices and bandwidth 22. The video can be split into smaller chunks by the client before upload to support the resume of broken uploads 23. Watermarking and encryption can be used to protect video content 24. The data centers are added to improve latency and data recovery at the expense of increased maintenance workflows 25. Dead letter queue can be used to improve fault tolerance and error handling 26. Chaos engineering is used to identify the failures on networks, servers, and applications 27. Load testing and chaos engineering are used to improve fault tolerance 28. [RAID](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAID) configuration improves the hardware throughput 29. The data store is partitioned to spread the writes and reads at the expense of difficult joins, transactions, and fat client 30. Federation and sharding are used to scale out the database 31. The write requests are redirected to the leader and the read requests are redirected to the followers of the database 32. [Vitess](https://vitess.io/) is a storage middleware for scaling out MySQL 33. Vitess redirects the read requests that require fresh data to the leader (For example, update user profile operation) 34. Vitess uses a lock server (Apache Zookeeper) for automatic sharding and leader election on the database layer 35. Vitess supports RPC-based joins, indexing, and transactions on SQL database 36. Vitess allows to offload of partitioning logic from the application and improves database queries by caching
-
In One Minute : Hadoop
HBase, A scalable, distributed database that supports structured data storage for large tables.
- SQL or a graph database to build a social network with recommender?
-
What’s the Database Plus concept and what challenges can it solve?
Today, it is normal for enterprises to leverage diversified databases. In my market of expertise, China, in the Internet industry, MySQL together with data sharding middleware is the go to architecture, with GreenPlum, HBase, Elasticsearch, Clickhouse and other big data ecosystems being auxiliary computing engine for analytical data. At the same time, some legacy systems (such as SQLServer legacy from .NET transformation, or Oracle legacy from outsourcing) can still be found in use. In the financial industry, Oracle or DB2 is still heavily used as the core transaction system. New business is migrating to MySQL or PostgreSQL. In addition to transactional databases, analytical databases are increasingly diversified as well.
-
Fully featured Repository Pattern with Typescript and native PostgreSQL driver
For this type of systems PostgreSQL not best solution, and for a number of reasons like lack of replication out of the box. And we strictly must not have «Vendor lock», and therefore also did not take modern SQL databases like Amazon Aurora. And end of the ends the choice was made in favor Cassandra, for this article where we will talking about low-lever implementation of Repository Pattern it is not important, in your case it can be any unpopular database like HBase for example.
-
Non-relational data models
Apache HBase
-
The Data Engineer Roadmap 🗺
Wide column: Apache Cassandra, Apache HBase
-
Paper review: Simple Testing in Distributed Systems
The authors performed an analysis of critical failures of the five distributed systems: Cassandra, HBase, HDFS, MapReduce, and Redis.
Apache Hadoop
-
Getting thousands of files of output back from a container
Did you check out tools like https://hadoop.apache.org/ ?
-
Trying to run hadoop using docker
check out the various dockerfiles bundled with hadoop on GitHub. you can point to them from within docker-compose. they haven't been updated in a couple years tho.
- Unveiling the Analytics Industry in Bangalore
-
5 Best Practices For Data Integration To Boost ROI And Efficiency
There are different ways to implement parallel dataflows, such as using parallel data processing frameworks like Apache Hadoop, Apache Spark, and Apache Flink, or using cloud-based services like Amazon EMR and Google Cloud Dataflow. It is also possible to use parallel dataflow frameworks to handle big data and distributed computing, like Apache Nifi and Apache Kafka.
- Hadoop or Spark?
-
Data Engineering and DataOps: A Beginner's Guide to Building Data Solutions and Solving Real-World Challenges
There are several frameworks available for batch processing, such as Hadoop, Apache Storm, and DataTorrent RTS.
-
Effortlessly Set Up a Hadoop Multi-Node Cluster on Windows Machines with Our Step-by-Step Guide
A copy of Hadoop installed on each of these machines. You can download Hadoop from the Apache website, or you can use a distribution like Cloudera or Hortonworks.
-
In One Minute : Hadoop
The Apache™ Hadoop™ project develops open-source software for reliable, scalable, distributed computing.
-
Elon Musk dissolves Twitter's board of directors
So, clearly with your AP CS class and PLC logic knowledge, if you were dumped into a codebase like Hadoop, QT, or TensorFlow you'd be able to quickly and competently analyze what is going on with that code, understand all the libraries used, know the reasons why certain compromises were made, and be able to make suggestions on how to restructure the code in a different way? Because I've been programming for coming up on two decades and unless a system is within the domains that I have experience in, I would not be able to provide any useful information without a massive onboarding timeline, and definitely wouldn't be able to help redesign anything until actually coding within the system for a significant amount of time.
-
A peek into Location Data Science at Ola
This requires the use of distributed computation tools such as Spark and Hadoop, Flink and Kafka are used. But for occasional experimentation, Pandas, Geopandas and Dask are some of the commonly used tools.
What are some alternatives?
Druid - Apache Druid: a high performance real-time analytics database.
Go IPFS - IPFS implementation in Go [Moved to: https://github.com/ipfs/kubo]
Scylla - NoSQL data store using the seastar framework, compatible with Apache Cassandra
Ceph - Ceph is a distributed object, block, and file storage platform
Hypertable - A flexible database focused on performance and scalability
Seaweed File System - SeaweedFS is a fast distributed storage system for blobs, objects, files, and data lake, for billions of files! Blob store has O(1) disk seek, cloud tiering. Filer supports Cloud Drive, cross-DC active-active replication, Kubernetes, POSIX FUSE mount, S3 API, S3 Gateway, Hadoop, WebDAV, encryption, Erasure Coding. [Moved to: https://github.com/seaweedfs/seaweedfs]
Redis - Redis is an in-memory database that persists on disk. The data model is key-value, but many different kind of values are supported: Strings, Lists, Sets, Sorted Sets, Hashes, Streams, HyperLogLogs, Bitmaps.
Weka
Apache Arrow - Apache Arrow is a multi-language toolbox for accelerated data interchange and in-memory processing
MooseFS - MooseFS – Open Source, Petabyte, Fault-Tolerant, Highly Performing, Scalable Network Distributed File System (Software-Defined Storage)
Apache Cassandra - Mirror of Apache Cassandra
GlusterFS - Web Content for gluster.org -- Deprecated as of September 2017