certificates VS acme-dns

I've been doing this for a while with SmallStep CA: https://github.com/smallstep/certificates

It's a bit of a pain to load a cert onto every device (easier with stuff like Ansible if you have a bunch of linux devices), but manageable. And it lets me do proper trusted TLS for a lot of stuff that would otherwise be self-signed.

One thing I recommend is to add X509v3 Name Constraints extensions to your root CA if you go down this path. It prevents the CA from being abused to MITM you for other URLS (at least for browsers/clients that respect names constraints)

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You can roll your own with https://github.com/smallstep/certificates. We maintain major open source projects and contribute a lot to other projects. I don’t think that means everything we do has to be open source. Sorry this one wasn’t. Doing this in pure open source would be a book, not a blog post.

Love Let’s Encrypt — we’re sponsors — but using them for WiFi is a terrible idea. You need internal PKI for WiFi.

letsencrypt was always about moving the public internet off of http, it doesn't really make sense to use it throughout your internal network. but if you really want TLS and ACME for auto renewal, other solutions are available: https://github.com/smallstep/certificates

You could try step-ca: https://github.com/smallstep/certificates. There’s an OIDC provisioner for SSO and you can sign (short-lived) SSH certificates with it.

You could also check out out Step CA: https://github.com/smallstep/certificates and the accompanying CLI. It has an ACME server and other methods for requesting certificates. It can work/integrate with your existing root(s), too.

This is a lot more complicated setup but it works for me. I run a private CA called step-ca from smallstep and it provides CA and ACME endpoint. I use a .home domain. The trick is the validation for non-http devices which is typically the DNS-01 challenge. For this, I have unbound in pfsense setup to work with acme-dns so I can keep everything internal. Again its complicated but if your learning cyber security it might help get a handle on all things TLS. Btw way behind the scenes I think the ACME plugin is really just running acme.sh bash script which is really good. Final reminder as other have stated. Private CA is great but you need to distro the roots and intermediates out to your clients for trust. If all your trying to do is have an https web gui for pfsense from one device its pretty easy.

Just a little heads up https://smallstep.com/certificates/

Step-ca: Not web based, but the CLI is pretty user friendly: https://smallstep.com/certificates/

Getting a wildcard certificate from LE might be a better option, depending on how easy the extra bit of if plumbing is with your lab setup.

You need to use DNS based domain identification, and once you have a cert distribute it to all your services. The former can be automated using various common tools (look at https://github.com/joohoi/acme-dns, self-hosted unless you are only securing toys you don't really care about, if you self host DNS or your registrar doesn't have useful API access) or you can leave that as an every ~ten weeks manual job, the latter involves scripts to update you various services when a new certificate is available (either pushing from where you receive the certificate or picking up from elsewhere). I have a little VM that holds the couple of wildcard certificates (renewing them via DNS01 and acmedns on a separate machine so this one is impossible to see from the outside world), it pushes the new key and certificate out to other hosts (simple SSH to copy over then restart nginx/Apache/other).

Of course you may decide that the shin if your own CA is easier than setting all this up, as you can sign long lived certificates for yourself. I prefer this because I don't need to switch to something else if I decide to give friends/others access to something.

As someone else said, it’s a huge pain to run your own dns services. However, if you want some separation, I recently saw https://github.com/joohoi/acme-dns

v0.9.1 is out and natively supports both https://github.com/joohoi/acme-dns and any dns provider available in https://github.com/acmesh-official/acme.sh

I have set up an acme-dns server to answer ACME DNS Challenges: https://github.com/joohoi/acme-dns

The DNS challenge can be easily automated using https://github.com/joohoi/acme-dns - you do need an IP you can run a DNS server on though.

If your server is not accessible over the internet, you can still use Let's Encrypt or ZeroSSL to get a certificate. You'll just need to set up a DNS Challenge for things to work. This is a little more complicated, but can work even if your DNS provider doesn't have an API. For example, I use Google Domains and Google DNS (not cloud DNS) for my DNS server, but I've got an instance of acme-dns running on VPS box that handles the DNS auth for me. It's how every machine on my local network has valid certificates - but I annoyingly need to renew them every 90 days.

It's a bit more involved, but you can set up wildcard certificates to update automatically. Certbot has some pre-made plugins for this for several DNS providers. If yours is not on that list, there's a tool called acme-dns which is a minimal DNS server you can run on your server and delegate _acme-challenge.yourdomain.com to. If you don't want to run that on your own, you can also use the publicly hosted server/API for it.

In case you're not already familiar with it: one thing I'd recommend is using https://github.com/joohoi/acme-dns to obtain the certificates. You basically just point the subdomain you need wildcard certs for at that DNS server (a one time thing, ie you don't have to do this every three months), and the related tool https://github.com/acme-dns/acme-dns-client can get the certificates in a nice, automated, way without you ever having to expose the private reverse proxy to the Internet.