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Kotlin is very similar to Swift. OpenRNDR is a coding framework written it it. Kotlin has many of the features you speak of. Kotlin supports many of the features you ask about (or at least something similar to it).
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CodeRabbit
CodeRabbit: AI Code Reviews for Developers. Revolutionize your code reviews with AI. CodeRabbit offers PR summaries, code walkthroughs, 1-click suggestions, and AST-based analysis. Boost productivity and code quality across all major languages with each PR.
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Haskell is the purest of the pure, and a fun language. Never done graphics with it but I see Gloss looks decent - https://github.com/benl23x5/gloss.
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OpenFrameworks
openFrameworks is a community-developed cross platform toolkit for creative coding in C++.
How about https://openframeworks.cc/ in C++?