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I really like the example on their website and the discussion of it from different points of view. It demonstrates how confusing this whole thing is.
We have benchmarks in this paper: Implementation strategies for mutable value semantics (section 7). We studied Swift, which was our starting point to design Val. The benchmarks compared Swift, C++, Scala, and a core subset of Swift for which we wrote a tiny compiler. We benchmarked randomly generated programs and handwritten ones. Overall, we showed that Swift is the fastest language in the overwhelming majority of the benchmarks, only falling short of C++ for programs with extremely large numbers of mutations (>90% of all operations). Our handwritten implementation (~6K LOC, comments included) was on par with Scala and C++.
It seems that with Effekt we are pursuing the same goal, but coming from the opposite direction, perhaps one day we will meet in the middle :). We start from a purely functional language and carefully add effects like mutation.
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