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If you mean with a Graph language, a complex data structure language, you might have a look at https://github.com/FransFaase/DataLang which gives some ideas about modelling complex data structures and where I talk about the different kind of reference that you might want in such a language.
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Ada is already mentioned here.
You also want to look at Dafny for a contract-based language: https://github.com/dafny-lang/dafny
Since it has verification support it also covers the second point about semantic relations.
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SurveyJS
Open-Source JSON Form Builder to Create Dynamic Forms Right in Your App. With SurveyJS form UI libraries, you can build and style forms in a fully-integrated drag & drop form builder, render them in your JS app, and store form submission data in any backend, inc. PHP, ASP.NET Core, and Node.js.
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Pluto.jl[1] works like this. It’s a reactive notebook. It’s a really neat project.
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I think Plasmic is doing that for React.
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The reactive programming idea reminded me of Ken Tilton and "Cells", which exploits the flexibility of CLOS (the Common Lisp Object System) to create a reactive programming language on top of Common Lisp.
https://github.com/kennytilton/cells
and he has slides from a talk
https://github.com/kennytilton/cells/blob/main/Lisp-NYC-2018...
to give context.
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OP's Excel example made me think of Power Fx and the Power Fx Host
https://powerapps.microsoft.com/en-us/blog/power-fx-open-sou...
https://github.com/microsoft/power-fx-host-samples/tree/main...
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WorkOS
The modern identity platform for B2B SaaS. The APIs are flexible and easy-to-use, supporting authentication, user identity, and complex enterprise features like SSO and SCIM provisioning.
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scenebuilder
Scene Builder is a visual, drag 'n' drop, layout tool for designing JavaFX application user interfaces.
Yes it does[1] and it works on Desktop, mobile and web.
JavaFX has SceneBuilder[2] which also fit the description but for some reason, it never caught on. Gluon seems to have that work not only on desktop, but also on mobile.
[1] https://docs.flutter.dev/development/tools/devtools/overview
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R (yes, the statistics language) has exactly this.
You can literally extract the body of a function as a list of "call" objects (which are themselves just dressed-up lists of symbols), inject/delete/modify individual statements, and then re-cast your new list to a new function object.
I don't know why the original devs thought this was necessary or even desirable in a statistics package, but it turns out to be a lot of fun to program with. It has also made possible a wide variety of clever and elegant custom syntaxes, such as a pipe infix operator implemented as a 3rd-party library without any custom language extensions [0]. The pipe infix operator got so popular that it was eventually made part of the language core syntax in version 4.1 [1].
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The interesting semantic relationships are those that let the machine automatically deduce optimizations
> I also like the idea of modifying function definitions at runtime. I have these visions/nightmares of programs that take other programs as input and then let me run experiments on how the program behaves under certain changes to the source code. I want to write metaprograms dammit
Lotta metaprogramming in Joy. Many functions work by building new functions and running them, it's a natural idiom in Joy.
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> A language designed around having first-class GUI support
Red? ( https://www.red-lang.org/ )
> Visual Interface Dialect ... is a dialect of Red, providing the simplest possible way to specify graphic components with their properties, layouts and even event handlers. VID code is compiled at runtime to a tree of faces suitable for displaying.
https://github.com/red/docs/blob/master/en/gui.adoc
> You can’t work with strings, json, sets, or hash maps very well, date manipulation is terrible, you can barely do combinatorics problems, etc etc etc. I want a language that’s terse for everything.
That also sounds like Red.
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As far as graph-based languages and languages with arbitrary metadata and relationships between objects are concerned, I've been mulling over a language where expressions are represented as RDF graphs and that has built-in support for manipulating RDF graphs. I've use the concepts as an intermediate representation for functional expressions in a few different systems (including Factorio's map generator), but haven't yet had the motivation to really flesh it out into a full-blown language. https://github.com/TOGoS/TOGVM-Spec
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Imba is a compile-to-javascript language that makes HTML and CSS first-class parts of the language as well as react-like custom components. Its the fastest way to create UI that I've found.
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Did you know Inform is now (finally) open source?! https://github.com/ganelson/inform
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For a contract based language and a "really dynamically typed language", I'm working on https://letlang.dev
And it's because I haven't thought yet about how to do static type checking with such a feature.
I haven't got any time to work on it in the past few weeks, and I'm the only dev (would really love some help). So, it will be ready when it will be ready :P
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For contract-based programming, I'm personally planning on experimenting with https://github.com/viperproject/prusti-dev
The withdraw example would look something like
impl Account {
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When I need to parse text with Lua, the first thing I reach for is LPeg. It's great when you can create a standalone expression to parse, say, an IPv4 address, then reuse that in a larger expression. And the data can be transformed as it's being parsed (say, converting a string of digits into an actual integer value).
I have a bunch of Lua modules based around LPeg: https://github.com/spc476/LPeg-Parsers
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Have you tried CLOG?! It apparently matches the exact use case you described above. It’s a GUI first approach but its aimed is to be highly extensible. I only ask that you be gentle. It’s being built by a passionate developer in his spare time, but he’s making great progress.
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RMS never played nice on interoperability. I wouldn’t bet on the CDL to become a useful standard, because it is under-powered, under-specified and stagnant.
The “open” alternative is OASIS. Their Open Exposure Data standard [1] is complete and supported by many industry participants. Unfortunately it’s a database based format, rather than a text based DSL, but still betterthan the alternatives.
[1] https://github.com/OasisLMF/OpenDataStandards/tree/master/Op...
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Glimmer
DSL Framework consisting of a DSL Engine and a Data-Binding Library used in Glimmer DSL for SWT (JRuby Desktop Development GUI Framework), Glimmer DSL for Opal (Pure Ruby Web GUI), Glimmer DSL for LibUI (Prerequisite-Free Ruby Desktop Development GUI Library), Glimmer DSL for Tk (Ruby Tk Desktop Development GUI Library), Glimmer DSL for GTK (Ruby-GNOME Desktop Development GUI Library), Glimmer DSL for XML (& HTML), and Glimmer DSL for CSS
In the ruby realm, this seem like what you are looking for...
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Similarly, Ruby had RDL - which implemented pre/post contracts and type checking prior to Sorbet. It was actually pretty nice, if slow.
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Most APLs work just fine with n-dimensional arrays, even though the language only lets you write 1-dimensional array literals. So in practice, we write 1-dimensional arrays and reshape them as needed.
My point is just because you use a sequence-based input method (a programming language) doesn't mean you can't express structured data.
For example jq[1] does a decent job of expressing queries and transformations on JSON (JSON data are trees rather than arbitrary graphs). But trees are a very important type of graph, and I think a language with first-class support for trees would be in a better position to handle arbitrary graphs than a typical programming language.
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I'm a little late to the party, but humbly submit my thoughts/design from a while back for your review/feedback: https://github.com/vinodkd/halo/blob/master/doc/UserGuide.md...
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A more practical one might be this contracts library https://github.com/Udiknedormin/NimContracts
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InfluxDB
Power Real-Time Data Analytics at Scale. Get real-time insights from all types of time series data with InfluxDB. Ingest, query, and analyze billions of data points in real-time with unbounded cardinality.