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If I understand it correctly, it uses the closed-source library libcyw43 from MicroPyton to communicate with the hardware chip.
The library is closed source, I think, because it uses propriety Cypress code.
Cypress apparently since released source code and the author had considered releasing an open source version of the library but it never eventuated. See this discussion from 2019:
https://github.com/micropython/micropython/pull/4669#discuss...
Seems bizarre to me that rpi didn't just create a non-proprietary library.
Espressif is years ahead.
Original RPi-pico has only few one-ups on ESP - BSD-licensed bootrom [0] and PIO.
PicoW doesn't have any, at all. Disappointingly lazy move from pi foundation.
[0] https://github.com/raspberrypi/pico-bootrom/
Chapter 3 of the RP2040 datasheet is all about PIO, but it may not be the best wy to learn: https://datasheets.raspberrypi.com/rp2040/rp2040-datasheet.p...
I find the Pico SDK examples useful to learn, but it requires that you already have a good understanding of the instructions and the protocol that it implements. Here's the I2C PIO program, for example: https://github.com/raspberrypi/pico-examples/blob/master/pio....