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The changes are in macOS’s bootloader. Previously, the bootloader was only designed to load a macOS kernel executable, which was stored on disk as a Mach object file with some particular constraints. The Asahi project had to use a rather ugly linker script to generate an executable that “looks like like” a macOS kernel but is actually a first-stage Linux bootloader [1].
In macOS 12.1, Apple engineers changed the format of the kernel image, which broke the Asahi install process. However, they also added a “raw image mode” which allows the bootloader to load things that don’t look like macOS kernels — it’s an officially-supported boot flow for the Asahi project to use going forwards without fear of macOS updates breaking it again. (Plus, it makes that linker script much simpler [2]).
[1]: https://github.com/AsahiLinux/m1n1/blob/84acf60c24b8c9e28e60...
Check out https://libimobiledevice.org; iOS provides access to your Photos.app's SQLite database, including machine learning tags and other metadata.
Or the defaults(1) command, or how networking config works (it's just plain BSD configs with a GUI on top).
Apple isn't against tinkering or customization, they just don't document or guarantee it.