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Clion is your best bet, Vapor works just fine and there are other things you could do. https://vapor.codes/ https://docs.vapor.codes/4.0/
Right now, I have a Fedora server with it installed so I can get the basics under wraps -- like class definitions, extensions, protocols, etc. so yes - it could be a great learning tool. However, I'm unsure what libraries are currently available to do any real lifting on Linux, but it didn't complain when I imported Foundation for some reason. I know the only documentation that I can reliably say is for Linux (or whatever platform -- not Apple) is on swift.org's site, but even that tracks back to Apple so take with a grain of salt.
If you're looking for an IDE, you can use Builder with a swift plugin I've developed, which you can find at https://github.com/Kiwijane3/SwiftBuilder. It's a little rough around the edges right now, but I find I can work pretty effectively with it. If you want to do UI, you can use SwiftGtk, which I find quite functional.