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It had been quite a while since a major release, but then SpatiaLite 5.0 came out a couple of months ago with some very significant new features - the K-Nearest-Neighbor stuff is particularly interesting. https://www.gaia-gis.it/fossil/libspatialite/wiki?name=5.0.0...
I've built a few fun demos using SpatiaLite and Datasette. Here's an API that tells you the timezone for a latitude longitude point:
https://timezones-api.datasette.io/timezones/by_point?longit... - implementation here: https://github.com/simonw/timezones-api
And here's the same thing for which US county a point is within: https://us-counties.datasette.io/counties/county_for_latitud... - implementation here: https://github.com/simonw/us-counties-datasette
I've also built an experimental Datasette plugin that lets you draw a shape on a Leaflet map to generate a GeoJSON polygon, then uses SpatiaLite to show you geometries that are contained by that drawn polygon. I wrote about that here: https://simonwillison.net/2021/Jan/24/drawing-shapes-spatial...
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It had been quite a while since a major release, but then SpatiaLite 5.0 came out a couple of months ago with some very significant new features - the K-Nearest-Neighbor stuff is particularly interesting. https://www.gaia-gis.it/fossil/libspatialite/wiki?name=5.0.0...
I've built a few fun demos using SpatiaLite and Datasette. Here's an API that tells you the timezone for a latitude longitude point:
https://timezones-api.datasette.io/timezones/by_point?longit... - implementation here: https://github.com/simonw/timezones-api
And here's the same thing for which US county a point is within: https://us-counties.datasette.io/counties/county_for_latitud... - implementation here: https://github.com/simonw/us-counties-datasette
I've also built an experimental Datasette plugin that lets you draw a shape on a Leaflet map to generate a GeoJSON polygon, then uses SpatiaLite to show you geometries that are contained by that drawn polygon. I wrote about that here: https://simonwillison.net/2021/Jan/24/drawing-shapes-spatial...
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A kd-tree is the generalized data structure that can do log(n) lookups of nearest in any dimensions. I wrote an implementation for nearest to a geographical point years ago (since ported to many other languages): https://github.com/AReallyGoodName/OfflineReverseGeocode
A less generalized solution is to grid things up (quad tree and bsp trees) as you implied above but the kd-tree is the generalized solution without edge cases (what if the majority of points of interest end up in a single grid square in your example?). A kd-tree is essentially what a sort list is for one dimensional data but instead supports multiple dimensions.
