Firecracker internals: deep dive inside the technology powering AWS Lambda(2021)

This page summarizes the projects mentioned and recommended in the original post on news.ycombinator.com

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  • ignite

    Discontinued Ignite a Firecracker microVM (by weaveworks)

    Not a drop-in replacement: the OCI image entry point is not automatically executed. https://github.com/weaveworks/ignite/issues/874 (issue opened in 2021).

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  • gvisor

    Application Kernel for Containers

    An analogous project from Google with similar use cases is gvisor, which IIRC underlies Cloud Run: https://gvisor.dev/

  • init-snapshot

    Fly

    At CodeSandbox we use Firecracker to run our VMs (more info here: https://codesandbox.io/blog/how-we-clone-a-running-vm-in-2-s...).

    To answer the questions:

    > what version of the kernel do you use (the github page says 5.10 but isn't that quite old?)

    Right, they have tested with 5.10, but it also works with higher kernel versions. Our host currently runs 5.19 and we're planning to upgrade to 6.1 soon. The guest runs 5.15.63, we use a config very similar to the recommended config by FC team (it's in the FC repo). It's important to mention that we had to disable async pagefaulting (a KVM feature) with more modern kernel versions, as VMs could get stuck waiting for an PF resolve.

    > What do you use to build the 'micro' images

    We created a CLI that creates a rootfs from a Docker image. It pulls the image, creates a container and then extracts the fs from it to an ext4 disk. For the init, we forked the open sourced init from the Fly team (https://github.com/superfly/init-snapshot) and changed/added some functionality.

    > How do you keep timesync of you're not using a timesync daemon?

    IIRC we expose the time as a PTP device (handled by kvm) and run phc2sys to sync the time in an interval. Firecracker has some documentation on this, where it recommends chrony. It can also be done with vsock, but it would be more manual.

    > Handle kernel and app logs without adding an log daemon, and same through vsocks, etc?

    The init forwards stdout/stderr of the command it runs to its own stdout, which Firecracker then logs out by itself. A supervisor reads these and writes the logs to files.

  • cloud-hypervisor

    A Virtual Machine Monitor for modern Cloud workloads. Features include CPU, memory and device hotplug, support for running Windows and Linux guests, device offload with vhost-user and a minimal compact footprint. Written in Rust with a strong focus on security.

    > The goal of the Cloud Hypervisor project differs from the aforementioned projects in that it aims to be a general purpose VMM for Cloud Workloads and not limited to container/serverless or client workloads.

    Firecracker is such a great piece of technology. I'm amazed that AWS actually open-sourced it. All kudos to them. We're using Firecracker at our company to allow API companies build interactive demos like this one we built for Prisma [1].

    [0] https://github.com/cloud-hypervisor/cloud-hypervisor

    [1] https://playground.prisma.io

  • flintlock

    Lock, Stock, and Two Smoking MicroVMs. Create and manage the lifecycle of MicroVMs backed by containerd.

  • aws-codebuild-docker-images

    Official AWS CodeBuild repository for managed Docker images http://docs.aws.amazon.com/codebuild/latest/userguide/build-env-ref.html

    This is basically what CodeBuild does.

    The default Docker containers that CodeBuild uses (you can create your own) and the shell script it uses to parse the yaml configuration file (mostly a list of shell scripts) are all open source and the entire process can be run locally.

    https://github.com/aws/aws-codebuild-docker-images

    https://docs.aws.amazon.com/codebuild/latest/userguide/use-c...

    Disclaimer: I work for AWS. But nowhere near the team that developed Firecracker

  • firecracker-containerd

    firecracker-containerd enables containerd to manage containers as Firecracker microVMs

    There is this project, which I have never used, but seems promising. https://github.com/firecracker-microvm/firecracker-container...

  • There is this project, which I have never used, but seems promising. https://github.com/firecracker-microvm/firecracker-container...

NOTE: The number of mentions on this list indicates mentions on common posts plus user suggested alternatives. Hence, a higher number means a more popular project.

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