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clientdiversity-org
This is the source code for https://clientdiversity.org, a resource site to assist client diversity efforts.
Proto-Danksharding (aka EIP-4844) is the first implementation of sharding. From the latest core dev calls, it did not make it into the next update ("Shanghai" Q1/Q2 2023) but should be priority for the next one ("Cancun"). This does not mean dev works on 4844 is stopped but the delivery of staking withdrawals have priority and there is no delay due to testing protodank sharding. see notes. You can track the status here (mostly stillWIP).
An L2 is a chain that derives its security from the L1, typically using cryptographic proofs of some kind (optimistic vs zero knowledge). Polygon PoS has its own set of validators and does not inherit the security of Ethereum L1. L2s are evolving very quick, you can see detail of the solutions available and plenty of technical details here: https://l2beat.com
Slashing serves a game theoretic purpose, it solves the nothing at stake problem. Cardano would do good to implement it. Validators on cardano have been abusing it in the wild for quite some time. https://github.com/input-output-hk/cardano-node/issues/1132
Secondly, the community is aware of this centralization risk. The staking protocol itself does incentive decentralization on a protocol level (https://clientdiversity.org/). I think the broad community agrees with your concern, but does not agree with the solution. Lido, which is largest LSD supplier, pushes for Distributed Validator Technology DVT https://blog.lido.fi/dvt-pilot-with-obol-network/). Rocket Pools tries to minimize the 32ETH requirement for operators to 8 ETH (Q1 2023) or even lower. There is a myth that homestaking is not feasable, but our friends at r/ethstaker proof it's the opposite and have great knowledge there. There is some engagement needed, but it's not unfeasable and there are also products like dAPPnode plug-n-play like solutions.
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