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gdal
GDAL is an open source MIT licensed translator library for raster and vector geospatial data formats.
This is a useful link that I really like: https://github.com/petedannemann/gis-programming-roadmap/blob/master/README.md
As has been said the definition of a GIS dev is far from written in stone, but to chime in from a personal standpoint: most of what I do is data wrangling/analysis with shapely/geopandas for vectors (or pygeos / fiona for performance when data volumes get large, but seeing as Shapely 2.0 just got released one can likely skip this part) + rasterio for rasters as well as parallelising these tasks for performance if needed (ray is great for that) and then performing machine learning learning against the data (mostly with sklearn and torch).
As has been said the definition of a GIS dev is far from written in stone, but to chime in from a personal standpoint: most of what I do is data wrangling/analysis with shapely/geopandas for vectors (or pygeos / fiona for performance when data volumes get large, but seeing as Shapely 2.0 just got released one can likely skip this part) + rasterio for rasters as well as parallelising these tasks for performance if needed (ray is great for that) and then performing machine learning learning against the data (mostly with sklearn and torch).
As has been said the definition of a GIS dev is far from written in stone, but to chime in from a personal standpoint: most of what I do is data wrangling/analysis with shapely/geopandas for vectors (or pygeos / fiona for performance when data volumes get large, but seeing as Shapely 2.0 just got released one can likely skip this part) + rasterio for rasters as well as parallelising these tasks for performance if needed (ray is great for that) and then performing machine learning learning against the data (mostly with sklearn and torch).
Other useful skills would include using CLI utilities (mainly those provided by GDAL, general shell scripting (e.g bash if you're on linux), familiarity with containerisation software (like docker and data visualisation capability either from Python ([matplotlib](https://matplotlib.org/)) or via desktop GIS (which you can obviously already do proficiently).
If you want to get into web GeoDjango is a popular option for the backend, but you could also learn to roll your own with flask/FastAPI. You also have some choice of JavaScript libraries for the frontend, [Leaflet]() and [OpenLayers]() are likely the most popular frameworks, but there are others (personally I'd recommend OpenLayers as it's the only one backed by OSGeo as far as I know). It also wouldn't hurt to get familiar with GeoServer or MapServer if you wish to provide OGC-standardized services.
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