waifu2x VS Magpie

You can export the large PDF as a JPG then resize it using Tools > Adjust Size. You could also use https://waifu2x.udp.jp to "up-size" the smaller file to give it a bit more resolution. You can set up an Automator script to resize multiple images.

Just use waifu2x to make it bigger

Crop it yourself with Gimp (free) or Photoshop (paid), then upscale it with something like Waifu2x.

You can use https://waifu2x.udp.jp/ AI to enhance 2k or 4k. I made a 2k wallpaper.

You can try screenshot it and go to waifu2x to make it bigger

waifu2x

depending on the game, fsr(or dlss if you have the option) may be available in options to help you out, otherwise you could give a free option a go, such as Magpie

For games that won't go full screen, at least we have Magpie as a last resort. The experience won't be as seamless though...

Another thing you can try is playing the game in a borderless window at a lower resolution and using Magpie to upscale it to fullscreen. Magpie offers a variety of upscaling options that can produce a less blurry image than the bilinear interpolation that is typically done when upscaling by the GPU or display.

Configure VLC to play the video in an extra window with the same resolution as the video source and upscale the window to fit the screen. On Windows 10 the FSR upscaling can be achieved with Magpie. On the Steam Deck the system built-in FSR/CAS combination is used.

Something else that may also be of interest is Magpie. It's a tool to upscale windowed content into fullscreen with a variety of upscaling methods available.

also using enabled antialiasing in game settings (or even globally set in video driver) consume much less resources then rendering full size bigger resolution image for reducing aliasing. there are also such tools like Magpie (https://github.com/Blinue/Magpie/blob/main/README_EN.md) or Lossless Scaling tool from Steam. they enable FSR supersampling to any game on any GPU.

https://github.com/blinue/magpie https://store.steampowed.com/app/993090/lossless_scaling/

To everything that the community has said, I also want to add that No Man's Sky has FSR tech (the game runs at a lower resolution and it's upscaled). You can use Magpie or even better, Losless Scaling to create a similar effect in SC and win some extra frames :)