stm32-rs
stm32-hal
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stm32-rs | stm32-hal | |
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8 | 7 | |
1,168 | 140 | |
3.9% | - | |
8.9 | 8.7 | |
5 days ago | 2 months ago | |
Python | Rust | |
Apache License 2.0 | MIT License |
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stm32-rs
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STM32F4 Embedded Rust at the PAC: svd2rust
Developing code at the PAC, well, requires a PAC crate for the targeted controller. For the STM32 there exists a repo for all the supported PACs. These PACs are all generated using a command line tool called svd2rust. svd2rust grabs what is called an svd file and converts it into a PAC exposing API allowing access to peripheral registers. An SVD file is an Extensible Markup Language (XML) formatted file describing the hardware features of a device, listing all the peripherals and the registers associated with them. SVD files typically are released by microcontroller manufacturers.
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Next Rust Compiler
In real world software, 99% of code is gluing preexisting lower-level functions together. In C/C++, the unsafe is implicit and needlessly covers everything. In Rust, the unsafe is only needed for the 1%.
You can safely implement a doubly-linked list in Rust, using unsafe, and that list can offer a safe interface so that the next higher level of code does not need to use unsafe. In fact, one doubly-linked list implementation that provides a safe interface is in the Rust standard library: https://doc.rust-lang.org/std/collections/struct.LinkedList.... . Most people do not rewrite std::list in C++ either.
Much of the Linux kernel really is the same: normal C code (maybe slightly more complicate than average userspace code, and definitely more carefully reviewed, but definitely not magic), that depends on extra carefully written lower level primitives that are _much_ more complicated internally than they appear from the outside (like the memory allocator, printk, RCU, etc.).
Rust is powerful enough to have libraries for register level access to micro-controllers (e.g. https://github.com/stm32-rs/stm32-rs), that encode moderately complex access rules safely in the type system (e.g. which specific set of bits is read-only or write-only, with which particular values (with nice human-readable names, even!), in which particular states of a state machine depending on other bits), all while allowing bypassing the restrictions with a simple unsafe keyword without even giving up on the nice API.
On the C/C++ side, I've used libopencm3, MBED, CMSIS, and everyone's favorite toy, Arduino. They're, in different ways, all much more mature and complete than anything Rust has today, but nothing comes even remotely close to Rust in terms of safety and long term potential.
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NVIDIA Security Team: “What if we just stopped…
Packages: Where would I start with e.g. running Ada on a stm32? Resources are just a bit tough to find, and there's only a single stm32 package on Alire (which was inspired by cargo). But Rust has easy to find PACs and HALs for everything in the family, plus an official guide to setting up a project, including HIL debugging and unit testing on qemu, that takes about 15 minutes.
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Cloning a Rare ISA Card to Use a Rare CD Drive
> (I threw out all my C/C++ books about 15 years ago - oops!).
The future is here for STM32: https://github.com/stm32-rs/stm32-rs
- Is there a database of peripheral implementations for different STM32 MCU parts?
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Writing embedded firmware using Rust
Specifically these Rust register definitions are being auto-generated using SVD files published by the chip vendors (https://www.keil.com/pack/doc/CMSIS/SVD/html/index.html). For stm32 for example there are the auto-generated register definitions: https://github.com/stm32-rs/stm32-rs and then the HAL layers on top that try to build easy to use tools on top of the registers (e.g. an SPI or USART type with write and read functions). e.g. https://github.com/stm32-rs/stm32f4xx-hal for the stm32f4xx line
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Any frameworks in Rust for developing on SiFive / ST / NXP boards?
For STM32, check out the Peripheral Access Crates by the stm32-rs ream. For higher-level access, I wrote This HAL library for STM32. Works on most newer variants, and includes examples for specific peripherals, and simple applications.
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CMSIS libraries
Patches: https://github.com/stm32-rs/stm32-rs/tree/master/devices
stm32-hal
- The bane of my existence: Supporting both async and sync code in Rust
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What the HAL? The Quest for Finding a Suitable Embedded Rust HAL
Typestate-free HALs: This is in exchange for better ergonomics as the author claims. Only two HALs fall in this category right now which are the STM32-HAL & nRF-HAL.
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6 Things I Wish I Knew Starting with Embedded Rust
As I worked with the stm32, as implied earlier, the HALs that I worked with were ones built around embedded-hal traits. Nevertheless, I came across a HAL at a certain point that adopted a different approach that felt more practical and easy to understand. This was the stm32-hal stm32-hal that I found to be more wholesome as it incroporated multiple families of the STM32 under a single HAL umbrella (my original expectation). The STM32-hal eliminates much of the trait confusion that I had encountered before. The thing is the stm32-hal does not seem to be mainstream yet. From what I understand, the HALs built with the mebedded-hal as a basis seem to be the ones mainly adopted by the embedded working group. Additionally, I am not sure if the stm32-hal has any equivalent counterparts for other manufacturer devices.
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STM32F4 Embedded Rust at the HAL: GPIO Button Controlled Blinking
📝 At the time of writing this post, it came to my attention that there is an additional HAL that targets STM32 device families (the stm32-hal). From what I figure, right now there seem to be two approaches for developing HALs. The first approach is trait driven so to speak where the embedded-hal is used as a foundation. The second approach is more application-driven and provides a high-level API that targets several families of a device. However, this exists only for the stm32 through the stm32-hal. Right now, the first approach is what I found to be more widespread as it covers different microcontrollers and what this post is based on.
- Rust on Espressif chips Q1 2022
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Any frameworks in Rust for developing on SiFive / ST / NXP boards?
For STM32, check out the Peripheral Access Crates by the stm32-rs ream. For higher-level access, I wrote This HAL library for STM32. Works on most newer variants, and includes examples for specific peripherals, and simple applications.
- What are your recommended repositories to learn embedded systems from? You can share your own repository!
What are some alternatives?
libopencm3 - Open source ARM Cortex-M microcontroller library
awesome-embedded-rust - Curated list of resources for Embedded and Low-level development in the Rust programming language
stm32f4xx-hal - A Rust embedded-hal HAL for all MCUs in the STM32 F4 family
C++ Middleware Writer - The repo contains library code to support messaging and serialization. There are also two programs in the repo that are needed to use the CMW.
probe-run - Run embedded programs just like native ones
baremetal
hubris - A lightweight, memory-protected, message-passing kernel for deeply embedded systems.
generic_embedded - generic embedded stuff used throughout hobby projs
esp32 - Peripheral access crate for the ESP32
mspenv - a dev env to build, flash, and debug msp430 firmware without an IDE
cortex-m - Low level access to Cortex-M processors