rust-cpython VS tokio

I've never used pyo3, just cpython, but the latter at least let me do things like:

And don't forget https://github.com/dgrunwald/rust-cpython to complete the circle

For interoperating with Python, check out PyO3 or rust-cpython. (More generally, see Rust Interop and Are We Extending Yet?)

You probably should learn Rust. Aside from the process of learning new and different languages making you a better programmer, rust-cpython, PyO3, or Interoptopus make it easy to expose Python APIs from your Rust code. (eg. So it's easy to compile the same codebase as both a Python module and a WebAssembly module.)

Have you looked into abi_stable, flapigen, interoptopus, cbindgen, PyO3, or rust-cpython?

Personally, I'm not willing to compromise on my GUI look and feel, so I use PyQt or PySide to write my GUIs against the QWidget API (I'm a KDE user and Python is the only language with mature memory-safe bindings to Qt) and, if the project can be structured with a frontend-backend separation, I use rust-cpython or PyO3 to write a backend in Rust that the Python frontend can import. Sort of using Python/Rust as a QWidget analogue to the QML/C++ architecture promoted for Qt Quick. (Which I don't use because it's still too incomplete on Kubuntu 20.04 LTS.)

also, check out rust-cpython, PyO3, and maturin, among other things. They're really nice options for using Rust for its strengths and Python for its strengths within the same project.

This section uses flapigen to expand the foreign_class macro into many cpython functions as an extension module, and cargo compiles it as a cdylib. If you want to see what that looks like, install cargo-expand and run cargo expand. You'll get a lot of generated rust code.

For Python specifically, In addition to using rust-cpython or PyO3, maturin makes it really comfortable to build, package, and publish Rust code into Python packages and, if your niche doesn't quite fit, there's setuptools-python which might do it.

hlua or rlua are what you want for Lua, rust-cpython or PyO3 for Python, rutie for Ruby, and possibly deno_core for JavaScript.

Being able to control nondeterminism is particularly useful for testing and debugging. This allows creating reproducible test environments, as well as discrete-event simulation for faster-than-real-time simulation of time delays. For example, Cardano uses a simulation environment for the IO monad that closely follows core Haskell packages; Sui has a simulator based on madsim that provides an API-compatible replacement for the Tokio runtime and intercepts various POSIX API calls in order to enforce determinism. Both allow running the same code in production as in the simulator for testing.

tokio / hyper / toml / serde / serde_json / json5 / console

tokio - An asynchronous runtime for Rust

3. Tokio

The AWS SDK makes use of the async capabilities in the Tokio library. So when you see async in front of a fn that function is capable of executing asynchronously.

Petar is also looking at implementing concurrency the way it is in Go to have a fully functional virtual machine as it is in the spec. This would likely attract more external contributors to developing the VM. One advantage of Rust is that, with the concurrency model, there is already an extensive library called Tokio which he can use. Petar stresses that this isn’t easy, but he believes it’s achievable, at least as a research topic around determinism and concurrency.

Another thing to point out is that async is a thing in Rust. I'm not going to begin to dive into this paradigm in this article, but know it's handled by the awesome Tokio framework.

So I started by using Tokio, a popular async runtime. The docs and samples helped me get a simple outbound TCP connection working. The Rust async book also had a lot of good explanations, both practical and digging into the details of what a runtime does.

Regarding the quote:

> The Original Sin of Rust async programming is making it multi-threaded by default. If premature optimization is the root of all evil, this is the mother of all premature optimizations, and it curses all your code with the unholy Send + 'static, or worse yet Send + Sync + 'static, which just kills all the joy of actually writing Rust.

Agree about the melodramatic tone. I also don't think removing the Send + Sync really makes that big a difference. It's the 'static that bothers me the most. I want scoped concurrency. Something like <https://github.com/tokio-rs/tokio/issues/2596>.

Another thing I really hate about Rust async right now is the poor instrumentation. I'm having a production problem at work right now in which some tasks just get stuck. I wish I could do the equivalent of `gdb; thread apply all bt`. Looking forward to <https://github.com/tokio-rs/tokio/issues/5638> landing at least. It exists right now but is experimental and in my experience sometimes panics. I'm actually writing a PR today to at least use the experimental version on SIGTERM to see what's going on, on the theory that if it crashes oh well, we're shutting down anyway.

Neither of these complaints would be addressed by taking away work stealing. In fact, I could keep doing down my list, and taking away work stealing wouldn't really help with much of anything.

The PHP <-> Rust bindings are provided by https://github.com/Nicelocal/ext-php-rs/ (our fork of https://github.com/davidcole1340/ext-php-rs with a bunch of UX improvements :).

php-tokio's integrates the https://revolt.run event loop with the https://tokio.rs event loop; async functionality is provided by the two event loops, in combination with PHP fibers through revolt's suspension API (I could've directly used the PHP Fiber API to provide coroutine suspension, but it was a tad easier with revolt's suspension API (https://revolt.run/fibers), since it also handles the base case of suspension in the main fiber).