pytype
cats-effect
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pytype | cats-effect | |
---|---|---|
20 | 34 | |
4,536 | 1,948 | |
1.0% | 1.4% | |
9.7 | 9.7 | |
3 days ago | 8 days ago | |
Python | Scala | |
GNU General Public License v3.0 or later | Apache License 2.0 |
Stars - the number of stars that a project has on GitHub. Growth - month over month growth in stars.
Activity is a relative number indicating how actively a project is being developed. Recent commits have higher weight than older ones.
For example, an activity of 9.0 indicates that a project is amongst the top 10% of the most actively developed projects that we are tracking.
pytype
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Enhance Your Project Quality with These Top Python Libraries
Pytype checks and infers types for your Python code - without requiring type annotations. Pytype can catch type errors in your Python code before you even run it.
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A Tale of Two Kitchens - Hypermodernizing Your Python Code Base
Pyre from Meta, pyright from Microsoft and PyType from Google provide additional assistance. They can 'infer' types based on code flow and existing types within the code.
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Mypy 1.6 Released
we've written a little bit about what pytype does differently here: https://google.github.io/pytype/
our main focus is to be able to work with unannotated and partially-annotated code, and treat it on par with fully annotated code.
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Mypy 1.5 Released
So, I tried out pytype the other day, and it was a not a good experience. It doesn't support PEP 420 (implicit namespace packages), which means you have to litter __init__.py files everywhere, or it will create filename collisions. See https://github.com/google/pytype/issues/198 for more information. I've since started testing out pyre.
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Writing Python like it's Rust
What is the smart money doing for type checking in Python? I've used mypy which seems to work well but is incredibly slow (3-4s to update linting after I change code). I've tried pylance type checking in VS Code, which seems to work well + fast but is less clear and comprehensive than mypy. I've also seen projects like pytype [1] and pyre [2] used by Google/Meta, but people say those tools don't really make sense to use unless you're an engineer for those companies.
Am just curious if mypy is really the best option right now?
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PyMEL's new type stubs
At Luma, we're using mypy to check nearly our entire code-base, including our Maya-related code, thanks to these latest changes. Fully adopting mypy (or an alternative like pytype) is no small feat, but working within a fully type-annotated code base with a type checker to enforce accuracy is like coding in a higher plane of existence: fewer bugs, easier code navigation, faster dev onboarding, easier refactoring, and dramatically increased confidence about every change. I wrote about some deeper insights in these posts.
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The Python Paradox
Check out https://github.com/google/pytype
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Forma: An efficient vector-graphics renderer
i work on https://github.com/google/pytype which is largely developed internally and then pushed to github every few days. the github commits are associated with the team's personal github accounts. pytype is not an "official google product" insofar as the open source version is presented as is without official google support, but it is "production code" in the sense that it is very much used extensively within google.
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Ruff – an fast Python Linter written in Rust
pytype dev here - thanks for the kind words :) whole-program analysis on unannotated or partially-annotated code is our particular focus, but there's surprisingly little dark PLT magic involved; in particular you don't need to be an academic type theory wizard to understand how it works. our developer docs[1] have more info, but at a high level we have an interpreter that virtually executes python bytecode, tracking types where the cpython interpreter would have tracked values.
it's worth exploring some of the other type checkers as well, since they make different tradeoffs - in particular, microsoft's pyright[2] (written in typescript!) can run incrementally within vscode, and tends to add new and experimentally proposed typing PEPs faster than we do.
[1] https://github.com/google/pytype/blob/main/docs/developers/i...
- A Python-compatible statically typed language erg-lang/erg
cats-effect
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A question about Http4s new major version
Those benchmarks are using a snapshot version of cats-effect. I don't know where that one comes from, but previously they were using a snapshot from https://github.com/typelevel/cats-effect/pull/3332 which had some issues (3.5-6581dc4, 70% performance degradation), which have since been resolved (see that PR for more info and comparative benchmarks).
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The Great Concurrency Smackdown: ZIO versus JDK by John A. De Goes
Recently, CE3 has had similar issues reported across multiple repositories, almost an epidemic of reports!
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40x Faster! We rewrote our project with Rust!
The one advantage Rust has over Scala is that it detects data races at compile time, and that's a big time saver if you use low level thread synchronization. However, if you write pure FP code with ZIO or Cats Effect that's basically a non-issue anyway.
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Sequential application of a constructor?
See also cats-effect and fs2. cats-effect gives you your IO Monad (and IOApp to run it with on supported platforms). fs2 is the ecosystem’s streaming library, which is much more pervasive in functional Scala than in Haskell. For example, http4s and Doobie are both based on fs2.
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Should I Move From PHP to Node/Express?
On the contrary, switching to the functional mindset, with something like Typelevel Scala3 and respective cats and cats-effect fs2 frameworks, helps to rethink a lot of designs and development approaches.
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Next Steps for Rust in the Kernel
I think "better Haskell on JVM" (in contrast to "worse Haskell") is a good identity for Scala to have. (Please note that this is an intentional hyperbole.)
Of course, there are areas where Haskell is stronger than Scala (hint: modularity, crucial for good Software Engineering, is not one of them). And Scala has its own way of doing things, so just imitating Haskell won't work well.
Examples of this "better Haskell" are https://typelevel.org/cats-effect/ and https://zio.dev/ .
All together, Scala may be a better choice for you if you want to do Pure Functional Programming. And is definitely less risky (runs on JVM, Java libraries interop, IntelliJ, easy debugging, etc...).
None of the other languages you mentioned are viable in this sense (if also you want a powerful type system, which rules out Clojure).
I agree that Rust's identity is pretty clear: a modern language for use cases where only C or C++ could have been used before.
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Java 19 Is Out
I would use Scala. I like FP and Scala comes with some awesome libraries for concurrent/async programming like Cats Effect or ZIO. Good choice for creating modern style micro-services to be run in the cloud (or even macro-services, Scala has a powerful module system, so it's made to handle large codebases).
https://typelevel.org/cats-effect/
The language, the community and customs are great. You don't have to worry about nulls, things are immutable by default, domain modelling with ADTs and patter matching is pure joy.
The tooling available is from good to great and Scala is big enough that there are good libraries for typical if not vast majority of stuff and Java libs as a reliable fallback.
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Typelevel Native
What took my interest is this (for both JVM and future multithreaded Scala native): https://github.com/typelevel/cats-effect/discussions/3070 Having the same threads poll available IO events and execute callbacks should improve performance greatly
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Scala isn't fun anymore
The author is the creator of Monix and implemented the first version of cats-effect. He knows what he is doing.
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Question about some advanced types
You want Kernmantle, which quite honestly shouldn't be hard to implement around Cats and cats-effect. In particular, although Kernmantle doesn't require the use of the Arrow typeclass, there happen to be Arrow (actually ArrowChoice) instances for both Function1 from the standard library and Kleisli from Cats itself, given a Monad instance for the Kleilsi's F[_] type parameter. In other words, we should be able to port Kernmantle from Haskell to Scala (with the Typelevel ecosystem) and instantly be able to use pretty much anything else from the Typelevel ecosystem, or wrapped with it, in our workflow graphs. Pure functions, monadic functions, applicative functions, GADTs with hand-written interpreters, any of it. I think this would be eminently worth doing.
What are some alternatives?
mypy - Optional static typing for Python
ZIO - ZIO — A type-safe, composable library for async and concurrent programming in Scala
pyright - Static Type Checker for Python
FS2 - Compositional, streaming I/O library for Scala
pyre-check - Performant type-checking for python.
fs2-grpc - gRPC implementation for FS2/cats-effect
pyannotate - Auto-generate PEP-484 annotations
doobie-quill - Integration between Doobie and Quill libraries
pyanalyze - A Python type checker
Kategory - Λrrow - Functional companion to Kotlin's Standard Library
ruff - An extremely fast Python linter and code formatter, written in Rust.
Slick - Slick (Scala Language Integrated Connection Kit) is a modern database query and access library for Scala