mlpack VS Pytorch

Does C++ have the equivalent of Pandas or Apache Spark? Are there extensive libraries that exist/are being developed that allow you to perform operations with data? Or do people just use a combination of Python & its various libraries (NumPy etc)? If we leave aside the data bit, are there libraries that allow you to develop ML models in C++ (mlpack for instance ) faster & more efficiently compared to their Python counterparts (scikit-learn)? On a more general note, how does C++ fit into the routine of a Quant Researcher? And at what scale does an organization decide they need to start switching to other languages and spend more time developing the code ?

mlpack is a great library for machine learning in C++. It's very fast and not too much of a learning curve.

This toolkit was originally part of the mlpack machine learning library (https://github.com/mlpack/mlpack) before it was split out into a separate, standalone effort.

Github Repository: https://github.com/mlpack/mlpack Developed By: Community, supported by Georgia Institute of technology Primary purpose: Multiple ML Models and Algorithms

TensorFlow, developed by Google, and PyTorch, developed by Facebook, are two of the most popular frameworks for building and training complex machine learning models. TensorFlow is known for its flexibility and robust scalability, making it suitable for both research prototypes and production deployments. PyTorch is praised for its ease of use, simplicity, and dynamic computational graph that allows for more intuitive coding of complex AI models. Both frameworks support a wide range of AI models, from simple linear regression to complex deep neural networks.

> does PyTorch have a similar concept

of course https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/blob/main/torch/utils/_py...

fyi should work on most 40xx[1]

[1] https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/issues/119638#issuecommen...

Sure, right here: https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/blob/main/torch/autograd/...

Here's the documentation: https://pytorch.org/tutorials/intermediate/forward_ad_usage....

> When an input, which we call “primal”, is associated with a “direction” tensor, which we call “tangent”, the resultant new tensor object is called a “dual tensor” for its connection to dual numbers[0].

*My post explains Dot, Matrix and Element-wise multiplication in PyTorch.

In PyTorch with @, dot() or matmul():

import torch # we use PyTorch: https://pytorch.org data = torch.tensor(encode(text), dtype=torch.long) print(data.shape, data.dtype) print(data[:1000]) # the 1000 characters we looked at earlier will to the GPT look like this

AI's Open Embrace Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are increasingly leveraging open-source frameworks like TensorFlow [https://www.tensorflow.org/] and PyTorch [https://pytorch.org/]. This democratization of AI tools is driving innovation and lowering entry barriers across industries.

Which label applies to a tool sometimes depends on what you do with it. For example, PyTorch or TensorFlow can be called a library, a toolkit, or a machine-learning framework.

In PyTorch with * or mul(). ` or mul()` can multiply 0D or more D tensors by element-wise multiplication: