l4v
cryptography
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l4v | cryptography | |
---|---|---|
15 | 70 | |
488 | 6,291 | |
1.4% | 2.5% | |
9.6 | 9.9 | |
7 days ago | about 3 hours ago | |
Isabelle | Python | |
GNU General Public License v3.0 or later | GNU General Public License v3.0 or later |
Stars - the number of stars that a project has on GitHub. Growth - month over month growth in stars.
Activity is a relative number indicating how actively a project is being developed. Recent commits have higher weight than older ones.
For example, an activity of 9.0 indicates that a project is amongst the top 10% of the most actively developed projects that we are tracking.
l4v
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Rewrite the VP9 codec library in Rust
> C/C++ can be made memory safe
.. but it's much harder to prove your work is memory safe. sel4 is memory safe C, for example. The safety is achieved by a large external theorem prover and a synced copy written in Haskell. https://github.com/seL4/l4v
Typechecks are form of proof. It's easier to write provably safe Rust than provably safe C because the proofs and checker are integrated.
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CVE-2023-4863: Heap buffer overflow in WebP (Chrome)
You can't really retrofit safety to C. The best that can be achieved is sel4, which while it is written in C has a separate proof of its correctness: https://github.com/seL4/l4v
The proof is much, much more work than the microkernel itself. A proof for something as large as webP might take decades.
- SeL4 Specification and Proofs
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What in the name of all that's holy is going on with software ?
When something like the seL4 microkernel is formally verified, the remaining bugs should only be bugs in the specification, not the implementation.
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Elimination of programmers
seL4 specifications and proofs are not a programming language.
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Google Announces KataOS and Sparrow
Yes, especially 'logically impossible' when you dig into the details. From the blogpost:
> and the kernel modifications to seL4 that can reclaim the memory used by the rootserver.
MMMMMMMMMMMkkkkkk. So you then have to ask: were these changes also formally verified? There's a metric ton of kernel changes here: https://github.com/AmbiML/sparrow-kernel/commits/sparrow but I don't see a fork of https://github.com/seL4/l4v anywhere inside AmbiML.
I mean, it does also claim to be "almost entirely written in Rust", which is true if you ignore almost the entire OS part of the OS (the kernel and the minimal seL4 runtime).
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A 24-year-old bug in the Linux Kernel (2021)
Probably the only way to prevent this type of issue in an automated fashion is to change your perspective from proving that a bug exists, to proving that it doesn't exist. That is, you define some properties that your program must satisfy to be considered correct. Then, when you make optimizations such as bulk receiver fast-path, you must prove (to the static analysis tool) that your optimizations to not break any of the required properties. You also need to properly specify the required properties in a way that they are actually useful for what people want the code to do.
All of this is incredibly difficult, and an open area of research. Probably the biggest example of this approach is the Sel4 microkernel. To put the difficulty in perspective, I checkout out some of the sel4 repositories did a quick line count.
The repository for the microkernel itself [0] has 276,541
The testsuite [1] has 26,397
The formal verification repo [2] has 1,583,410, over 5 times as much as the source code.
That is not to say that formal verification takes 5x the work. You also have to write your source-code in such a way that it is ammenable to being formally verified, which makes it more difficult to write, and limits what you can reasonably do.
Having said that, this approach can be done in a less severe way. For instance, type systems are essentially a simple form of formal verification. There are entire classes of bugs that are simply impossible in a properly typed programs; and more advanced type systems can eliminate a larger class of bugs. Although, to get the full benefit, you still need to go out of your way to encode some invariant into the type system. You also find that mainstream languages that try to go in this direction always contain some sort of escape hatch to let the programmer assert a portion of code is correct without needing to convince the verifier.
[0] https://github.com/seL4/seL4
[1] https://github.com/seL4/sel4test
[2] https://github.com/seL4/l4v
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Formally Proven Binary Format Parsers
I mean, just look at the commits with "fix" in the specs folder: https://github.com/seL4/l4v/commits/master?after=4f0bbd4fcbc...
- Proofs and specifications
cryptography
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We build X.509 chains so you don't have to
Congratulations to the authors, this was a feature that was dearly missing from pyca/cryptography. It took a long time to get right.
For the history: https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/2381
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“Our paying customers need X, when will you fix it?”
Some context:
- The cryptography dependency used by the current release of mitmproxy has a CVE related to an OpenSSL vulnerability (https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/security/advisories/GHS...)
- The main branch of mitmproxy has already upgraded to the latest version of the cryptography package
- The author of the package does not believe the CVE impacts users of mitmproxy so a release including this commit has not been made
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Creating a password manager
Also you'll use https://github.com/pyca/cryptography
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Microservice memory profiling
first, I did see a correlation between an endpoint being heavily hit in a given time window, and an increase of memory usage that didn't went down afterwards. The endpoint didn't do much so I went through every instruction - is a global variable appended indefinitely ? Is a cache decorator growing without a limit set ? Do I use a 3rd party that has a known issue ? Turns out, it was using cryptography, so I looked up known issues. Saw an issue about a leak when using load_pem_x509_certificate https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/4833 - which I used ! I could fortunately just upgrade the library
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[Python] Poésie vs Pipenv vs. pip-tools: Qu’utilisez-vous?
Après le kerfuffle du paquet de cryptographie cette semaine (https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/5771), J’ai passé en revue l’état des outils de gestion des dépendances en Python.
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I love building a startup in Rust. I wouldn't pick it again
> A big problem with Rust, long-term, is that the kind of programs that really need it are somewhat out of today's mainstream. It's not that useful for webcrap. It's not that useful for phone apps. The AI people use Jupyter notebooks and Python to drive code on GPUs.
One thing this is missing is that Rust is useful for libraries callable by many different languages. You may or may not want to use it to build an actual Web app (I personally think it's a solid choice, but reasonable people can disagree). But for building, say, the Python cryptography library [1], which is used as a part of "webcrap" and Jupyter notebooks, Rust is clearly an excellent option. Nobody is going to build core Python infrastructure in Go or Node, and there will always be a need for plumbing libraries.
[1]: https://github.com/pyca/cryptography
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The impossible case of pitching rust in a web dev shop
Also, I see more and more examples where rust gets included in different technologies using FFI. Ie for python https://github.com/pyca/cryptography for security/performance critical pieces.
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Azure CTO: “It's time to halt starting any new projects in C/C++ ”
> I am curious. Could you give some more context?
Probably talking about this: https://github.com/pyca/cryptography/issues/5771
- Zig, the Small Language
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os independent way to convert ssl crt to pem
You will be hard pressed to find a cryptography library that doesn't depend on openssl. Fortunately openssl bindings can be installed on Windows. One of the more popular libraries for python is cryptography, but it does depend on libssl.
What are some alternatives?
seL4 - The seL4 microkernel
PyCrypto - The Python Cryptography Toolkit
hubris - A lightweight, memory-protected, message-passing kernel for deeply embedded systems.
pycryptodome - A self-contained cryptographic library for Python
agda-stdlib - The Agda standard library
pyOpenSSL -- A Python wrapper around the OpenSSL library - A Python wrapper around the OpenSSL library
creusot - Creusot helps you prove your code is correct in an automated fashion. [Moved to: https://github.com/creusot-rs/creusot]
PyNacl - Python binding to the Networking and Cryptography (NaCl) library
codeball-action - 🔮 Codeball – AI Code Review that finds bugs and fast-tracks your code
Paramiko - The leading native Python SSHv2 protocol library.
cross - “Zero setup” cross compilation and “cross testing” of Rust crates
Passlib