ksuid
pg-ulid
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ksuid
- What happens after 100 years?
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Zero Downtime Postgres Upgrades
OP here - we avoid sequences in all but one part of our application due to a dependency. We use [KSUIDs][1] and UUID v4 in various places. This one "gotcha" applies to any sequence, so it's worth calling out as general advice when running a migration like this.
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Bye Sequence, Hello UUIDv7
UUID v4 isn't large enough to prevent collisions, that is why segment.io created https://github.com/segmentio/ksuid which is 160bit vs the 128bit of a UUIDv4.
- You Don't Need UUID
- A Brief History of the UUID
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Type-safe, K-sortable, globally unique identifier inspired by Stripe IDs
Assuming you don't need to use UUIDv7 (or any UUID's) then https://github.com/segmentio/ksuid provides a much bigger keyspace. You could just append a string prefix if you wanted to namespace, but the chance of collisions of a KSUID is many times smaller than a UUID of any version.
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Unexpected downsides of UUID keys in PostgreSQL
KSUID's are have temporal-lexicographical order plus 128 bits of entropy, which is more than UUIDv4.
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UUIDs are so much better than autoincrementing ids and it's not even close
That's why you use ksuid (https://segment.com/blog/a-brief-history-of-the-uuid/) or, if you're willing to go with a draft spec you could go with the new UUID formats https://www.ietf.org/archive/id/draft-ietf-uuidrev-rfc4122bi...
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What Happened to UUIDv2?
Interesting in more history of UUIDs? Twilio Segment's blog has an amazing history lesson about how they came to be.
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Which UUID package do you use? and why?
I use the ksuid from segment. https://github.com/segmentio/ksuid
pg-ulid
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Lesser Known PostgreSQL Features
Here's one[1], not actively maintained though.
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PostgreSQL UUID vs. Serial vs. Identity
Yeah, just use a UUID unless the bits to store the UUID really are your driving limitation (they're not), having a UUID that is non-linear is almost always the most straight-forward option for identifying things, for the tradeoff of human readability (though you can get some of that back with prefixes and some other schemes). I'm not going to rehash the benefits that people have brought up for UUIDs, but they're in this thread. At this point what I'm concerned about is just... what is the best kind of UUID to use -- I've recently started using mostly v1 because time relationship is important to me (despite the unfortunate order issues) and v6[0] isn't quite so spread yet. Here's a list of other approaches out there worth looking at
- isntauuid[1] (mentioned in this thread, I've given it a name here)
- timeflake[2]
- HiLo[3][4]
- ulid[5]
- ksuid[6] (made popular by segment.io)
- v1-v6 UUIDs (the ones we all know and some love)
- sequential interval based UUIDs in Postgres[7]
Just add a UUID -- this almost surely isn't going to be what bricks your architecture unless you have some crazy high write use case like time series or IoT or something maybe.
[0]: http://gh.peabody.io/uuidv6/
[1]: https://instagram-engineering.com/sharding-ids-at-instagram-...
[2]: https://github.com/anthonynsimon/timeflake
[3]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hi/Lo_algorithm
[4]: https://www.npgsql.org/efcore/modeling/generated-properties....
[5]: https://github.com/edoceo/pg-ulid
[6]: https://github.com/segmentio/ksuid
[7]: https://www.2ndquadrant.com/en/blog/sequential-uuid-generato...
What are some alternatives?
ulid - Universally Unique Lexicographically Sortable Identifier (ULID) in Python 3
cuid - Collision-resistant ids optimized for horizontal scaling and performance.
nanoid - A tiny (124 bytes), secure, URL-friendly, unique string ID generator for JavaScript
Hasura - Blazing fast, instant realtime GraphQL APIs on your DB with fine grained access control, also trigger webhooks on database events.
ulid-mssql - Implementation of ULID generator For Microsoft SQL Server
Dapper - Dapper - a simple object mapper for .Net
python-ksuid - A pure-Python KSUID implementation
tbls - tbls is a CI-Friendly tool for document a database, written in Go.
uuid7 - UUID version 7, which are time-sortable (following the Peabody RFC4122 draft)
timeflake - Timeflake is a 128-bit, roughly-ordered, URL-safe UUID.
postgres-elasticsearch-fdw - Postgres to Elastic Search Foreign Data Wrapper