evm-opcodes
l2beat
evm-opcodes | l2beat | |
---|---|---|
8 | 629 | |
1,329 | 546 | |
0.2% | 3.5% | |
0.0 | 10.0 | |
6 months ago | 2 days ago | |
Solidity | ||
Apache License 2.0 | MIT License |
Stars - the number of stars that a project has on GitHub. Growth - month over month growth in stars.
Activity is a relative number indicating how actively a project is being developed. Recent commits have higher weight than older ones.
For example, an activity of 9.0 indicates that a project is amongst the top 10% of the most actively developed projects that we are tracking.
evm-opcodes
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All About EVM Instructions And Opcodes:
It is very important for the smart contract developers and auditors to undertand that how solidity based smart contracts/EVM executes its fundamental tasks behind the scenes to get deep foundation of EVM. To know more about the other EVM opcodes, please visit Here and if you want to play with these opcodes in the real time playground, please visit EVM codes playground website .
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Ethernaut: 13. Gatekeeper One
Debug the transaction in Remix to get to the GAS opcode, which is what gasleft() is doing in the background. There, we will look at the remaining gas field in "Step Details". You can easily get there in several ways:
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What is Gas on Ethereum (and other blockchains)? Deep dive
Each OPCODE has a fixed gas cost. The gas cost of a specific function within the smart contract is the sum of the gas costs of all it's OPCODES. You can find a list of all OPCODES and their associated gas costs here if interested.
- Daily General Discussion - February 8, 2022
- Good morning to everyone who believes ETH 2.0 would be a game-changer
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Gas fees should be zero if a transaction didn't go through
And so, each instruction is given a metric that represents how intensive it is to execute, which is that instruction's gas cost, and users have to pay a fee based on how much gas in total a transaction consumes, which is the solution that the Ethereum devs (and the devs of other smart contract chains) have landed on, to address the above issue.
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Might be a dumb question: Are there any ETH L2s that have a java virtual machine for transactions?
The EVM has a smaller instruction set of opcodes that are very tailored to Smart Contract development compared to what the JVM offers which is a wider set required for programming almost anything.
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Smart Contracts
Everytging a smart contract can do is detailed here: https://github.com/crytic/evm-opcodes
l2beat
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Vitalik’s Proposal for Ethereum Alignment, Rhinestone Automations, 0xPPL’s Web3 Social Networking, Chain Abstraction Hub
Buterin called for a shift from social connections to merit-based competition using clear metrics to evaluate projects. He encouraged the creation of more independent entities like L2beat to track how well projects adhere to Ethereum’s core principles.
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Spot Bitcoin ETF receives official approval from the SEC
A real layer 2 would look more like something built on Ethereum (can see all its L2s at https://l2beat.com).
Essentially it's a separate network that every few minutes takes every transaction and compresses it into a data blob that it saves on Ethereum along with a proof that the computation was done correctly. The Ethereum L1 nodes then only need to verify the proof instead of re-executing all transactions that happened on the L2.
With this design users can go straight from an exchange like Coinbase onto the L2 and never need to use Ethereum, and fees are 10x cheaper because of the data compression. Fees will soon be 100x cheaper as Ethereum is adding extra space just for these L2 data blobs that is much cheaper than normal Ethereum data space.
Unfortunately it can't be done on Bitcoin right now because Bitcoin nodes don't have Turing complete scripting and so can't verify the proof that an L2 posts to Bitcoin.
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Ask HN: Who is hiring? (December 2023)
We are running & maintaining the site (https://l2beat.com). Our work is to look on the current Layer 2 deployments on Ethereum & show risks and statistics to the end user. Very interesting thing is that we are a public goods company trying to stay as objective as possible in the industry full of subjectivity. What I mostly like in this job is that I am a part of the project shaping how it looks, not only mindlessly taking someones orders.
Candidate:
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Should Ethereum be okay with enshrining more things in the protocol?
Ecosystem fragmentation is not necessarily a bad thing. It leads to rapid development through competition. Different L2s are competing against each other to provide the best service and that has lead to a cambrian explosion of solutions. It's also a very effective way to explore the solution space, I'm sure many will disappear, others will get eaten, and at some point there will be consolidation. But all this seems like a good approach early on when tackling complex problems for which the ideal trade-offs are not entirely obvious. Explore as much of the solution space as possible and trim later on.
A perhaps more pernicious problem is liquidity fragmentation. Moving assets between L2s is a tedious friction that leads to fragmentation of liquidity. In that respect, zero-knowledge rollups present a big advantage as you can share liquidity between them as long as they share some zk-circuits that allow to prove statements to both chains. All this is being very actively worked on. And the technology behind it is short of fascinating. The typical HN audience would have a huge hard-on for it, if they didn't have such a strong preconception against crypto-anything.
If anyone is curious to learn more about L2s a good starting point is here: https://l2beat.com/
And if you want to see Ethereum scaling progress you can check it here: https://l2beat.com/scaling/activity
The next major upgrade to the protocol, slated for late this year or early 2024 (date is not finalized yet), will focus on scalability by making L2 activity veeery cheap.
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"Exploring Layer 2 Solutions: Seeking insights into the current landscape and optimal choices for developers and entrepreneurs."
These two links will give you a lot of the info you need to compare L2s: https://l2beat.com/ and https://www.growthepie.xyz/ - enjoy.
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Ethereum rollups have hit the milestone of $10bn of assets and 2 million weekly active users! Scaling and adoption is finally here.
Source: https://l2beat.com
- Polygon (MATIC) Shakes Up Leadership: Potential Game Changer Incoming
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Daily General Discussion - June 7, 2023
Thanks! l2beat.com is the best.
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Are Layer 2s as secure as Layer 1?
In addition to what others said, I always find https://l2beat.com useful to see a summary of the security assumptions behind the various L2s. Currently, all L2 need to be trusted to some extent as they are still quite in development.
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Ethereum liquid staking protocol Rocket Pool deploys on zkSync Era
Exponential.fi has good summaries and links to the projects. And https://l2beat.com is also great for judging L2s.
What are some alternatives?
Leesons-Modding-Instructions - The recordings of my 2 and 1/2 week journey to get a setup running for dynamic testing of Android malware
awesome-starknet - A curated list of awesome StarkNet resources, libraries, tools and more
remix-ide - Documentation for Remix IDE
opensea-js - TypeScript SDK for the OpenSea marketplace
evm - Pure Rust implementation of Ethereum Virtual Machine
ethereum-burn-stats - Website that showcases EIP-1559 Burn
besu - An enterprise-grade Java-based, Apache 2.0 licensed Ethereum client https://wiki.hyperledger.org/display/besu
crypto-fees - Website for comparing total daily fees of various blockchain protocols.
ethereumjs-monorepo - Monorepo for the Ethereum VM TypeScript Implementation
polygon-edge - A Framework for Building Ethereum-compatible Blockchain Networks
pm - Project Management: Meeting notes and agenda items
consensus-specs - Ethereum Proof-of-Stake Consensus Specifications