effekt
cats-effect
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effekt | cats-effect | |
---|---|---|
13 | 34 | |
283 | 1,954 | |
5.3% | 1.7% | |
9.6 | 9.7 | |
6 days ago | 6 days ago | |
Scala | Scala | |
MIT License | Apache License 2.0 |
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effekt
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What the imperative shell of an Functional Core/Imperative Shell language looks like
I like it. Modern languages that distinguish between pure and impure programs like Flix, Koka, and Effekt do so on the type level instead of syntactically. This has three advantages:
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Algebraic Effects: Another mistake carried through to perfection?
The problem with checked exceptions been identified and solved. The same problem and solution applies to effect handlers. Effekt is a language with lexical effect handlers which doesn't have this problem. Consider the following program in Effekt:
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Is continuation passing style conversion still used as an intermediate language?
Yes, for you this is the right decision. But for us going to CPS makes everything significantly easier and in cases where you do use control effects significantly faster. For our language Effekt we are exploring different tradeoffs in different backends.
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The Registers of Rust - Without boats, dreams dry up
This pattern they observe is nicely captured by effect handlers. These examples are written in Effekt.
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An approach to manual memory management and side effect handling system, feedback, ideas and thoughts requested
This is beyond my level of expertise. But effect tracking? There are some cool languages out there that do that consistently! Search for "algebraic effects". My favorite is Koka. Effekt also seems to be a popular choice.
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Let's collect relatively new research programming languages in this thread
https://effekt-lang.org/ A research language with effect handlers and lightweight effect polymorphism
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Is there a garbage collected, statically typed language, that has null safety, and doesn't use exceptions?
Examples are languages like Koka, Effekt, Links, or Unison. These languages come with a type-and-effect system: a function's type not only tell you which values the function accepts and which values it returns, but also which effects it has. This is relevant to your question, because throwing an exception is one such effect.
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The Val Object Model: Template for a possible future Swift object model
It seems that with Effekt we are pursuing the same goal, but coming from the opposite direction, perhaps one day we will meet in the middle :). We start from a purely functional language and carefully add effects like mutation.
- Is there a pure-functional ML?
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"Colored" functions: pure versus impure
- https://effekt-lang.org/
cats-effect
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A question about Http4s new major version
Those benchmarks are using a snapshot version of cats-effect. I don't know where that one comes from, but previously they were using a snapshot from https://github.com/typelevel/cats-effect/pull/3332 which had some issues (3.5-6581dc4, 70% performance degradation), which have since been resolved (see that PR for more info and comparative benchmarks).
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The Great Concurrency Smackdown: ZIO versus JDK by John A. De Goes
Recently, CE3 has had similar issues reported across multiple repositories, almost an epidemic of reports!
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40x Faster! We rewrote our project with Rust!
The one advantage Rust has over Scala is that it detects data races at compile time, and that's a big time saver if you use low level thread synchronization. However, if you write pure FP code with ZIO or Cats Effect that's basically a non-issue anyway.
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Sequential application of a constructor?
See also cats-effect and fs2. cats-effect gives you your IO Monad (and IOApp to run it with on supported platforms). fs2 is the ecosystem’s streaming library, which is much more pervasive in functional Scala than in Haskell. For example, http4s and Doobie are both based on fs2.
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Should I Move From PHP to Node/Express?
On the contrary, switching to the functional mindset, with something like Typelevel Scala3 and respective cats and cats-effect fs2 frameworks, helps to rethink a lot of designs and development approaches.
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Next Steps for Rust in the Kernel
I think "better Haskell on JVM" (in contrast to "worse Haskell") is a good identity for Scala to have. (Please note that this is an intentional hyperbole.)
Of course, there are areas where Haskell is stronger than Scala (hint: modularity, crucial for good Software Engineering, is not one of them). And Scala has its own way of doing things, so just imitating Haskell won't work well.
Examples of this "better Haskell" are https://typelevel.org/cats-effect/ and https://zio.dev/ .
All together, Scala may be a better choice for you if you want to do Pure Functional Programming. And is definitely less risky (runs on JVM, Java libraries interop, IntelliJ, easy debugging, etc...).
None of the other languages you mentioned are viable in this sense (if also you want a powerful type system, which rules out Clojure).
I agree that Rust's identity is pretty clear: a modern language for use cases where only C or C++ could have been used before.
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Java 19 Is Out
I would use Scala. I like FP and Scala comes with some awesome libraries for concurrent/async programming like Cats Effect or ZIO. Good choice for creating modern style micro-services to be run in the cloud (or even macro-services, Scala has a powerful module system, so it's made to handle large codebases).
https://typelevel.org/cats-effect/
https://zio.dev/
The language, the community and customs are great. You don't have to worry about nulls, things are immutable by default, domain modelling with ADTs and patter matching is pure joy.
The tooling available is from good to great and Scala is big enough that there are good libraries for typical if not vast majority of stuff and Java libs as a reliable fallback.
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Typelevel Native
What took my interest is this (for both JVM and future multithreaded Scala native): https://github.com/typelevel/cats-effect/discussions/3070 Having the same threads poll available IO events and execute callbacks should improve performance greatly
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Scala isn't fun anymore
The author is the creator of Monix and implemented the first version of cats-effect. He knows what he is doing.
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Question about some advanced types
You want Kernmantle, which quite honestly shouldn't be hard to implement around Cats and cats-effect. In particular, although Kernmantle doesn't require the use of the Arrow typeclass, there happen to be Arrow (actually ArrowChoice) instances for both Function1 from the standard library and Kleisli from Cats itself, given a Monad instance for the Kleilsi's F[_] type parameter. In other words, we should be able to port Kernmantle from Haskell to Scala (with the Typelevel ecosystem) and instantly be able to use pretty much anything else from the Typelevel ecosystem, or wrapped with it, in our workflow graphs. Pure functions, monadic functions, applicative functions, GADTs with hand-written interpreters, any of it. I think this would be eminently worth doing.
What are some alternatives?
koka - Koka language compiler and interpreter
ZIO - ZIO — A type-safe, composable library for async and concurrent programming in Scala
Eff - Eff monad for cats - https://atnos-org.github.io/eff
FS2 - Compositional, streaming I/O library for Scala
hylo - The Hylo programming language
fs2-grpc - gRPC implementation for FS2/cats-effect
tofu - Functional programming toolbox
doobie-quill - Integration between Doobie and Quill libraries
cooltt - 😎TT
Kategory - Λrrow - Functional companion to Kotlin's Standard Library
effects-bibliography - A collaborative bibliography of work related to the theory and practice of computational effects
Slick - Slick (Scala Language Integrated Connection Kit) is a modern database query and access library for Scala