calypso
xvm
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calypso | xvm | |
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5 | 110 | |
62 | 189 | |
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2 days ago | 6 days ago | |
Rust | Java | |
Apache License 2.0 | GNU General Public License v3.0 or later |
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calypso
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April 2021 monthly "What are you working on?" thread
I've (still) been working on Calypso, a mostly imperative language with some functional influences that is focused on flexibility and simplicity. I've written a few blog posts about it and things related to it.
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Tips for Productivity that I've Learned from Calypso
In this post, I'd like to share some tips for productivity that I've already learned from working on Calypso.
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A Bunch of Odysseus Pseudocode I Guess
I've mostly finished the redesign of the syntax. I'm working on writing a EBNF grammar to both (semi-)specify the language and to make it easier to write the parser once it comes to that part.
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What is Calypso?
View on GitHub
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Introducing The Calypso Chronicles
see https://github.com/calypso-lang/calypso/tree/wip-lexer-rewrite (WIP lexer rewrite branch, blocked on language redesign)
xvm
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Implementing arrays (and hash tables and ..) in a minimal ML with a C API
Have a look at the ecstasy library for the language definitions of these types.
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Polymorphic static members
2) Funky interfaces: This is an Ecstasy interface that declares abstract static members (e.g. functions), which can then be implemented on any class and overridden on any sub-class, such that they can be invoked by type (instead of this), and virtually resolved (late bound at runtime) based on the type known at compile time. The best known example, of course, is Hashable, because it has to guarantee that a type implements both equals() and hashCode() on the same class, and the implementation is tied to the type, and not to the this. (C# added a similar feature last year in version 11.)
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How do you parse function calls?
I'm just going to warn you in advance that invocation is one of the hardest things in the compiler to make easy. In other words, the nicer your language's "developer experience" is around invocation, the more hell you're going to have to go through to get there. The AST nodes for Name( (NameExpression) and Invoke( (InvocationExpression) alone are 7kloc in the Ecstasy implementation, for example -- but the result is well worth it.
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What are some important differences between the popular versions of OOP (e.g. Java, Python) vs. the purist's versions of OOP (e.g. Smalltalk)?
Ecstasy uses message passing automatically behind the scenes for asynchronous calls, but the message passing isn't visible at the language level (i.e. there is no "message object" or something like that visible). Basically, all Ecstasy code is executing on a fiber inside a service, and services are all running concurrently, so from any service realm to any service realm, the communication is by message.
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Is your language solving a real world problem?
Regarding Ecstasy, we did not set out to build a new language; we actually set out to solve a real world problem. Specifically, we wanted to be able to dramatically improve the density of workloads in data centers, by at least two orders of magnitude in the case of lightly used applications. Our initial goal was to create a runtime design that would support 10,000 stateful application instances on a single server. Let's call it the "a10k" problem 🤣 ... a tribute to the c10k problem from 1999. We refer to our goal as "zero carbon compute", i.e. we want to push the power and hardware cost for an application to as close to zero as possible; you can't reach zero, but you can get close. If we succeed, we will help reduce the electricity used in data centers over the next few decades by a significant percentage.
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How do you tokenize multi char tokens.
Generally, left to right, one character at a time. If you’re looking for example code, here’s a simple hand-built lexer.
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Have you written your own language in itself yet?
Parts of Ecstasy are now implemented in Ecstasy. Here's the Lexer, for example.
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Top programming languages created in the 2010's on GitHub by stars
Ecstasy
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What languages have been created *specifically* for the purpose of being JIT-compiled?
Ecstasy and the xvm were designed assuming an adaptive runtime compiler (similar in concept to the Hotspot compiler for Java), but not necessarily using a JIT.
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What are you doing about async programming models? Best? Worst? Strengths? Weaknesses?
A Future reference has the various capabilities that you'd imagine, taking lambdas for thenDo(), whenComplete(), etc. The reference, in the above example, is a local variable, so you just obtain it using the C-style & operator:
What are some alternatives?
pwntools - CTF framework and exploit development library
seed7 - Source code of Seed7
otp - Erlang/OTP
list-exp - Regular expression-like syntax for list operations [Moved to: https://github.com/phenax/elxr]
gaiman - Gaiman: Text based game engine and programming language
kuroko - Dialect of Python with explicit variable declaration and block scoping, with a lightweight and easy-to-embed bytecode compiler and interpreter.
lngrs
TablaM - The practical relational programing language for data-oriented applications
pkg-tasks - Aument package for asynchronous I/O
ghc - Mirror of the Glasgow Haskell Compiler. Please submit issues and patches to GHC's Gitlab instance (https://gitlab.haskell.org/ghc/ghc). First time contributors are encouraged to get started with the newcomers info (https://gitlab.haskell.org/ghc/ghc/wikis/contributing).
yasl - Bytecode Interpreter for Yet Another Scripting Language (YASL).
RustScript2 - RustScript is a functional scripting language with as much relation to Rust as Javascript has to Java.