bert
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bert | txtai | |
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49 | 354 | |
36,992 | 6,953 | |
1.3% | 6.3% | |
0.0 | 9.3 | |
17 days ago | 6 days ago | |
Python | Python | |
Apache License 2.0 | Apache License 2.0 |
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bert
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OpenAI β Application for US trademark "GPT" has failed
task-specific parameters, and is trained on the downstream tasks by simply fine-tuning all pre-trained parameters.
[0] https://arxiv.org/abs/1810.04805
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Integrate LLM Frameworks
The release of BERT in 2018 kicked off the language model revolution. The Transformers architecture succeeded RNNs and LSTMs to become the architecture of choice. Unbelievable progress was made in a number of areas: summarization, translation, text classification, entity classification and more. 2023 tooks things to another level with the rise of large language models (LLMs). Models with billions of parameters showed an amazing ability to generate coherent dialogue.
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Embeddings: What they are and why they matter
The general idea is that you have a particular task & dataset, and you optimize these vectors to maximize that task. So the properties of these vectors - what information is retained and what is left out during the 'compression' - are effectively determined by that task.
In general, the core task for the various "LLM tools" involves prediction of a hidden word, trained on very large quantities of real text - thus also mirroring whatever structure (linguistic, syntactic, semantic, factual, social bias, etc) exists there.
If you want to see how the sausage is made and look at the actual algorithms, then the key two approaches to read up on would probably be Mikolov's word2vec (https://arxiv.org/abs/1301.3781) with the CBOW (Continuous Bag of Words) and Continuous Skip-Gram Model, which are based on relatively simple math optimization, and then on the BERT (https://arxiv.org/abs/1810.04805) structure which does a conceptually similar thing but with a large neural network that can learn more from the same data. For both of them, you can either read the original papers or look up blog posts or videos that explain them, different people have different preferences on how readable academic papers are.
- Ernie, China's ChatGPT, Cracks Under Pressure
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Ask HN: How to Break into AI Engineering
Could you post a link to "the BERT paper"? I've read some, but would be interested reading anything that anyone considered definitive :) Is it this one? "BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding" :https://arxiv.org/abs/1810.04805
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How to leverage the state-of-the-art NLP models in Rust
Rust crate rust_bert implementation of the BERT language model (https://arxiv.org/abs/1810.04805 Devlin, Chang, Lee, Toutanova, 2018). The base model is implemented in the bert_model::BertModel struct. Several language model heads have also been implemented, including:
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Notes on training BERT from scratch on an 8GB consumer GPU
The achievement of training a BERT model to 90% of the GLUE score on a single GPU in ~100 hours is indeed impressive. As for the original BERT pretraining run, the paper [1] mentions that the pretraining took 4 days on 16 TPU chips for the BERT-Base model and 4 days on 64 TPU chips for the BERT-Large model.
Regarding the translation of these techniques to the pretraining phase for a GPT model, it is possible that some of the optimizations and techniques used for BERT could be applied to GPT as well. However, the specific architecture and training objectives of GPT might require different approaches or additional optimizations.
As for the SOPHIA optimizer, it is designed to improve the training of deep learning models by adaptively adjusting the learning rate and momentum. According to the paper [2], SOPHIA has shown promising results in various deep learning tasks. It is possible that the SOPHIA optimizer could help improve the training of BERT and GPT models, but further research and experimentation would be needed to confirm its effectiveness in these specific cases.
[1] https://arxiv.org/abs/1810.04805
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List of AI-Models
Click to Learn more...
- Bert: Pre-Training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding
- Google internally developed chatbots like ChatGPT years ago
txtai
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Build knowledge graphs with LLM-driven entity extraction
txtai is an all-in-one embeddings database for semantic search, LLM orchestration and language model workflows.
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Bootstrap or VC?
Bootstrapping only works if you have the runway to do it and you don't feel the need to grow fast.
With NeuML (https://neuml.com), I've went the bootstrapping route. I've been able to build a fairly successful open source project (txtai 6K stars https://github.com/neuml/txtai) and a revenue positive company. It's a "live within your means" strategy.
VC funding can have a snowball effect where you need more and more. Then you're in the loop of needing funding rounds to survive. The hope is someday you're acquired or start turning a profit.
I would say both have their pros and cons. Not all ideas have the luxury of time.
- txtai: An embeddings database for semantic search, graph networks and RAG
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Ask HN: What happened to startups, why is everything so polished?
I agree that in many cases people are puffing their feathers to try to be something they're not (at least not yet). Some believe in the fake it until you make it mentality.
With NeuML (https://neuml.com), the website is a simple HTML page. On social media, I'm honest about what NeuML is, that I'm in my 40s with a family and not striving to be the next Steve Jobs. I've been able to build a fairly successful open source project (txtai 6K stars https://github.com/neuml/txtai) and a revenue positive company. For me, authenticity and being genuine is most important. I would say that being genuine has been way more of an asset than liability.
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Are we at peak vector database?
I'll add txtai (https://github.com/neuml/txtai) to the list.
There is still plenty of room for innovation in this space. Just need to focus on the right projects that are innovating and not the ones (re)working on problems solved in 2020/2021.
- Txtai: An all-in-one embeddings database for semantic search and LLM workflows
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Generate knowledge with Semantic Graphs and RAG
txtai is an all-in-one embeddings database for semantic search, LLM orchestration and language model workflows.
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Show HN: Open-source Rule-based PDF parser for RAG
Nice project! I've long used Tika for document parsing given it's maturity and wide number of formats supported. The XHTML output helps with chunking documents for RAG.
Here's a couple examples:
- https://neuml.hashnode.dev/build-rag-pipelines-with-txtai
- https://neuml.hashnode.dev/extract-text-from-documents
Disclaimer: I'm the primary author of txtai (https://github.com/neuml/txtai).
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RAG Using Unstructured Data and Role of Knowledge Graphs
If you're interested in graphs + RAG and want an alternate approach, txtai has a semantic graph component.
https://neuml.hashnode.dev/introducing-the-semantic-graph
https://github.com/neuml/txtai
Disclaimer: I'm the primary author of txtai
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Ten Noteworthy AI Research Papers of 2023
fwiw this link looks interesting, everyone
https://github.com/neuml/txtai
What are some alternatives?
NLTK - NLTK Source
sentence-transformers - Multilingual Sentence & Image Embeddings with BERT
bert-sklearn - a sklearn wrapper for Google's BERT model
tika-python - Tika-Python is a Python binding to the Apache Tikaβ’ REST services allowing Tika to be called natively in the Python community.
pysimilar - A python library for computing the similarity between two strings (text) based on cosine similarity
faiss - A library for efficient similarity search and clustering of dense vectors.
transformers - π€ Transformers: State-of-the-art Machine Learning for Pytorch, TensorFlow, and JAX.
NL_Parser_using_Spacy - NLP parser using NER and TDD
CLIP - CLIP (Contrastive Language-Image Pretraining), Predict the most relevant text snippet given an image
PURE - [NAACL 2021] A Frustratingly Easy Approach for Entity and Relation Extraction https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.12812
paperai - π π€ Semantic search and workflows for medical/scientific papers