artifacts VS runc

One of the most interesting/unique features is the integration with OCI-compatible container registries. Tart can pull/push virtual machines from/to a registry. This feature was inspired by OCI Artifacts initiative.

runc

Yeah, runtimeClass lets you specify which CRI plugin you want based on what you have available. Here's an example from the containerd documentation - you could have one node that can run containers under standard runc, gvisor, kata containers, or WASM. Without runtimeClass, you'd need either some form of custom solution or four differently configured nodes to run those different runtimes. That's how krustlet did it - you'd have kubelet/containerd nodes and krustlet/wasm nodes, and could only run the appropriate workload on each node type.

The CRI-O container engine provides a stable, more secure, and performant platform for running Open Container Initiative (OCI) compatible runtimes. CRI-Os purpose is to be the container engine that implements the Kubernetes Container Runtime Interface (CRI) for OpenShift Container Platform and Kubernetes, replacing the Docker service. Source

[email protected]:~# kubefire install INFO[2022-11-11T11:46:13Z] downloading https://raw.githubusercontent.com/innobead/kubefire/v0.3.8/scripts/install-prerequisites.sh to save /root/.kubefire/bin/v0.3.8/install-prerequisites.sh force=false version=v0.3.8 INFO[2022-11-11T11:46:14Z] running script (install-prerequisites.sh) version=v0.3.8 INFO[2022-11-11T11:46:14Z] running /root/.kubefire/bin/v0.3.8/install-prerequisites.sh version=v0.3.8 INFO[2022-11-11T11:46:14Z] + TMP_DIR=/tmp/kubefire INFO[2022-11-11T11:46:14Z] ++ go env GOARCH INFO[2022-11-11T11:46:14Z] ++ echo amd64 INFO[2022-11-11T11:46:14Z] + GOARCH=amd64 INFO[2022-11-11T11:46:14Z] + KUBEFIRE_VERSION=v0.3.8 INFO[2022-11-11T11:46:14Z] + CONTAINERD_VERSION=v1.6.6 + IGNITE_VERION=v0.10.0 INFO[2022-11-11T11:46:14Z] + CNI_VERSION=v1.1.1 + RUNC_VERSION=v1.1.3 INFO[2022-11-11T11:46:14Z] + '[' -z v0.3.8 ']' + '[' -z v1.6.6 ']' + '[' -z v0.10.0 ']' + '[' -z v1.1.1 ']' + '[' -z v1.1.3 ']' INFO[2022-11-11T11:46:14Z] ++ sed -E 's/(v[0-9]+\.[0-9]+\.[0-9]+)[a-zA-Z0-9\-]*/\1/g' INFO[2022-11-11T11:46:14Z] +++ echo v0.3.8 INFO[2022-11-11T11:46:14Z] + STABLE_KUBEFIRE_VERSION=v0.3.8 INFO[2022-11-11T11:46:14Z] + rm -rf /tmp/kubefire INFO[2022-11-11T11:46:14Z] + mkdir -p /tmp/kubefire INFO[2022-11-11T11:46:14Z] + pushd /tmp/kubefire /tmp/kubefire /root INFO[2022-11-11T11:46:14Z] + trap cleanup EXIT ERR INT TERM INFO[2022-11-11T11:46:14Z] + check_virtualization + _is_arm_arch INFO[2022-11-11T11:46:14Z] + uname -m INFO[2022-11-11T11:46:14Z] + grep aarch64 INFO[2022-11-11T11:46:14Z] + return 1 INFO[2022-11-11T11:46:14Z] + lscpu INFO[2022-11-11T11:46:14Z] + grep 'Virtuali[s|z]ation' INFO[2022-11-11T11:46:14Z] Virtualization: VT-x Virtualization type: full INFO[2022-11-11T11:46:14Z] + lsmod INFO[2022-11-11T11:46:14Z] + grep kvm INFO[2022-11-11T11:46:14Z] kvm_intel 372736 0 kvm 1028096 1 kvm_intel INFO[2022-11-11T11:46:14Z] + install_runc + _check_version /usr/local/bin/runc -version v1.1.3 INFO[2022-11-11T11:46:14Z] + set +o pipefail + local exec_name=/usr/local/bin/runc + local exec_version_cmd=-version + local version=v1.1.3 + command -v /usr/local/bin/runc + return 1 + _is_arm_arch INFO[2022-11-11T11:46:14Z] + uname -m INFO[2022-11-11T11:46:14Z] + grep aarch64 INFO[2022-11-11T11:46:14Z] + return 1 INFO[2022-11-11T11:46:14Z] + curl -sfSL https://github.com/opencontainers/runc/releases/download/v1.1.3/runc.amd64 -o runc INFO[2022-11-11T11:46:14Z] + chmod +x runc INFO[2022-11-11T11:46:14Z] + sudo mv runc /usr/local/bin/ INFO[2022-11-11T11:46:14Z] + install_containerd + _check_version /usr/local/bin/containerd --version v1.6.6 INFO[2022-11-11T11:46:14Z] + set +o pipefail + local exec_name=/usr/local/bin/containerd + local exec_version_cmd=--version + local version=v1.6.6 + command -v /usr/local/bin/containerd + return 1 + local version=1.6.6 + local dir=containerd-1.6.6 + _is_arm_arch INFO[2022-11-11T11:46:14Z] + uname -m INFO[2022-11-11T11:46:14Z] + grep aarch64 INFO[2022-11-11T11:46:14Z] + return 1 INFO[2022-11-11T11:46:14Z] + curl -sfSLO https://github.com/containerd/containerd/releases/download/v1.6.6/containerd-1.6.6-linux-amd64.tar.gz INFO[2022-11-11T11:46:15Z] + mkdir -p containerd-1.6.6 INFO[2022-11-11T11:46:15Z] + tar -zxvf containerd-1.6.6-linux-amd64.tar.gz -C containerd-1.6.6 INFO[2022-11-11T11:46:15Z] bin/ bin/containerd-shim INFO[2022-11-11T11:46:15Z] bin/containerd INFO[2022-11-11T11:46:16Z] bin/containerd-shim-runc-v1 INFO[2022-11-11T11:46:16Z] bin/containerd-stress INFO[2022-11-11T11:46:16Z] bin/containerd-shim-runc-v2 INFO[2022-11-11T11:46:16Z] bin/ctr INFO[2022-11-11T11:46:17Z] + chmod +x containerd-1.6.6/bin/containerd containerd-1.6.6/bin/containerd-shim containerd-1.6.6/bin/containerd-shim-runc-v1 containerd-1.6.6/bin/containerd-shim-runc-v2 containerd-1.6.6/bin/containerd-stress containerd-1.6.6/bin/ctr INFO[2022-11-11T11:46:17Z] + sudo mv containerd-1.6.6/bin/containerd containerd-1.6.6/bin/containerd-shim containerd-1.6.6/bin/containerd-shim-runc-v1 containerd-1.6.6/bin/containerd-shim-runc-v2 containerd-1.6.6/bin/containerd-stress containerd-1.6.6/bin/ctr /usr/local/bin/ INFO[2022-11-11T11:46:17Z] + curl -sfSLO https://raw.githubusercontent.com/containerd/containerd/v1.6.6/containerd.service INFO[2022-11-11T11:46:17Z] + sudo groupadd containerd INFO[2022-11-11T11:46:17Z] + sudo mv containerd.service /etc/systemd/system/containerd.service INFO[2022-11-11T11:46:17Z] ++ command -v chgrp INFO[2022-11-11T11:46:17Z] ++ tr -d '\n' INFO[2022-11-11T11:46:17Z] + chgrp_path=/usr/bin/chgrp INFO[2022-11-11T11:46:17Z] + sudo sed -i -E 's#(ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/containerd)#\1\nExecStartPost=/usr/bin/chgrp containerd /run/containerd/containerd.sock#g' /etc/systemd/system/containerd.service INFO[2022-11-11T11:46:17Z] + sudo mkdir -p /etc/containerd INFO[2022-11-11T11:46:17Z] + containerd config default INFO[2022-11-11T11:46:17Z] + sudo tee /etc/containerd/config.toml INFO[2022-11-11T11:46:17Z] + sudo systemctl enable --now containerd INFO[2022-11-11T11:46:17Z] Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/containerd.service → /etc/systemd/system/containerd.service. INFO[2022-11-11T11:46:17Z] + install_cni + _check_version /opt/cni/bin/bridge --version v1.1.1 + set +o pipefail INFO[2022-11-11T11:46:17Z] + local exec_name=/opt/cni/bin/bridge + local exec_version_cmd=--version + local version=v1.1.1 + command -v /opt/cni/bin/bridge INFO[2022-11-11T11:46:17Z] + return 1 INFO[2022-11-11T11:46:17Z] + mkdir -p /opt/cni/bin INFO[2022-11-11T11:46:17Z] + local f=https://github.com/containernetworking/plugins/releases/download/v1.1.1/cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v1.1.1.tgz + _is_arm_arch INFO[2022-11-11T11:46:17Z] + uname -m INFO[2022-11-11T11:46:17Z] + grep aarch64 INFO[2022-11-11T11:46:17Z] + return 1 INFO[2022-11-11T11:46:17Z] + curl -sfSL https://github.com/containernetworking/plugins/releases/download/v1.1.1/cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v1.1.1.tgz INFO[2022-11-11T11:46:17Z] + tar -C /opt/cni/bin -xz INFO[2022-11-11T11:46:19Z] + install_cni_patches + _is_arm_arch INFO[2022-11-11T11:46:19Z] + uname -m INFO[2022-11-11T11:46:19Z] + grep aarch64 INFO[2022-11-11T11:46:19Z] + return 1 + curl -o host-local-rev -sfSL https://github.com/innobead/kubefire/releases/download/v0.3.8/host-local-rev-linux-amd64 INFO[2022-11-11T11:46:19Z] + chmod +x host-local-rev INFO[2022-11-11T11:46:19Z] + sudo mv host-local-rev /opt/cni/bin/ INFO[2022-11-11T11:46:19Z] + install_ignite + _check_version /usr/local/bin/ignite version v0.10.0 + set +o pipefail INFO[2022-11-11T11:46:19Z] + local exec_name=/usr/local/bin/ignite + local exec_version_cmd=version + local version=v0.10.0 + command -v /usr/local/bin/ignite + return 1 INFO[2022-11-11T11:46:19Z] + for binary in ignite ignited + echo 'Installing ignite...' INFO[2022-11-11T11:46:19Z] Installing ignite... INFO[2022-11-11T11:46:19Z] + local f=https://github.com/weaveworks/ignite/releases/download/v0.10.0/ignite-amd64 + _is_arm_arch INFO[2022-11-11T11:46:19Z] + uname -m INFO[2022-11-11T11:46:19Z] + grep aarch64 INFO[2022-11-11T11:46:19Z] + return 1 + curl -sfSLo ignite https://github.com/weaveworks/ignite/releases/download/v0.10.0/ignite-amd64 INFO[2022-11-11T11:46:20Z] + chmod +x ignite INFO[2022-11-11T11:46:20Z] + sudo mv ignite /usr/local/bin INFO[2022-11-11T11:46:20Z] + for binary in ignite ignited + echo 'Installing ignited...' Installing ignited... + local f=https://github.com/weaveworks/ignite/releases/download/v0.10.0/ignited-amd64 INFO[2022-11-11T11:46:20Z] + _is_arm_arch INFO[2022-11-11T11:46:20Z] + grep aarch64 + uname -m INFO[2022-11-11T11:46:20Z] + return 1 + curl -sfSLo ignited https://github.com/weaveworks/ignite/releases/download/v0.10.0/ignited-amd64 INFO[2022-11-11T11:46:21Z] + chmod +x ignited INFO[2022-11-11T11:46:21Z] + sudo mv ignited /usr/local/bin INFO[2022-11-11T11:46:21Z] + check_ignite + ignite version INFO[2022-11-11T11:46:21Z] Ignite version: version.Info{Major:"0", Minor:"10", GitVersion:"v0.10.0", GitCommit:"4540abeb9ba6daba32a72ef2b799095c71ebacb0", GitTreeState:"clean", BuildDate:"2021-07-19T20:52:59Z", GoVersion:"go1.16.3", Compiler:"gc", Platform:"linux/amd64", SandboxImage:version.Image{Name:"weaveworks/ignite", Tag:"v0.10.0", Delimeter:":"}, KernelImage:version.Image{Name:"weaveworks/ignite-kernel", Tag:"5.10.51", Delimeter:":"}} INFO[2022-11-11T11:46:21Z] Firecracker version: v0.22.4 INFO[2022-11-11T11:46:21Z] + create_cni_default_config INFO[2022-11-11T11:46:21Z] + mkdir -p /etc/cni/net.d/ INFO[2022-11-11T11:46:21Z] + sudo cat INFO[2022-11-11T11:46:21Z] + popd /root + cleanup INFO[2022-11-11T11:46:21Z] + rm -rf /tmp/kubefire

Your Docker Container can only run Linux. That's because Docker takes advantage of runC which uses the Linux kernel. You can't run Windows inside of Docker. But of course you can run Docker on a Windows host machine. If you are running a .NET project, you won't be able to use Docker. On the other hand, if you're running .NET Core then you're in luck!

This is what Podman, an open-source daemonless and rootless container engine, was developed with in mind. Podman runs using the runC container runtime process, directly on the Linux kernel, and launches containers and pods as child processes. In addition, it was developed for the Docker developer, with most commands and syntax seamlessly mirroring Docker's. Buildah, an image builder, and Skopeo, the image utility tool, are both complimentary to Podman as well, and extend the range of operations able to be performed.

The way they're doing it is actually quite the hack already. They have a cgo package with some C code to handle setting up a namespace, and they do some voodoo to get this to run as an init before the Go threadpool is spun up. See the readme for it: https://github.com/opencontainers/runc/tree/master/libcontainer/nsenter

Actually, runc is written in Go, whereas crun is written in C. Docker and Podman are both written in Go.