WaveFunctionCollapse
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WaveFunctionCollapse | v2ray-core | |
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99 | 26 | |
22,620 | 27,311 | |
- | 2.5% | |
4.8 | 9.0 | |
24 days ago | 6 days ago | |
C# | Go | |
GNU General Public License v3.0 or later | MIT License |
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WaveFunctionCollapse
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It's Okay to Make Something Nobody Wants
Thank you! And yes, I agree. I was looking at uh https://github.com/mxgmn/WaveFunctionCollapse and wondering if that were applicable here :)
Have a good day!
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Kullback–Leibler Divergence
Intuitively, it measures the difference between two probability distributions. It's not symmetric, so it's not quite that, but in my opinion, it's good intuition.
As motivation, say you're an internet provider, providing internet service to a business. You naturally want to save money, so you perhaps want to compress packets before they go over the wire. Let's say the business you're providing service to also compresses their data, but they've made a mistake and do it inefficiently.
Let's say the business has, incorrectly, determined the probability distribution for their data to be $q(x)$. That is, they assign probability of seeing symbol $x$ to be $q(x)$. Let's say you've determined the "true" distribution to be $p(x)$. The entropy, or number of bits, they expect to transmit per packet/symbol will be $-\sum p(x) lg(q(x))$. Meaning, they'll compress their stream under the assumption that the distribution is $q(x)$ but the actually probability of seeing a packet, $x$, is $p(x)$, which is why the term $p(x) lg(q(x))$ shows up.
The number of bits you're transmitting is just $-\sum p(x) lg(p(x))$. Now we ask, how many bits, per packet, is the savings of your method over the businesses? This is $-\sum p(x) lg(q(x)/p(x))$, which is exactly the Kullback-Leibler divergence (maybe up to a sign difference).
In other words, given a "guess" at a distribution and the "true" distribution, how bad is it between them? This is the Kullback-Leibler distribution and why it shows up (I believe) in machine learning and fitness functions.
As a more concrete example, I just ran across a paper talking [0] about using WFC [1] to asses how well it, and other algorithms, do when trying to create generative "super mario brothers" like levels. Take a 2x2 or 3x3 grid, make a library of tiles, use that to generate a random level, then use the K-L divergence to determine how well your generative algorithm has done compared to the observed distribution from an example image.
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collapsed
wave function collapse studies - this is done with the https://github.com/mxgmn/WaveFunctionCollapse algorithm after I saw https://github.com/CodingTrain/Wave-Function-Collapse mention it. done in P5! IG https://www.instagram.com/ronivonu/
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Wave Function Collapse - A stateful node graph framework (constraint problems, procedural generation, etc.)
Inspiration and entropy propagation algorithm derived from https://github.com/mxgmn/WaveFunctionCollapse.
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Ask HN: What weird technical scene are you fond/part of?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dfc-DQorohc
Craig Reynolds said the name "Boids" was inspired by The Producers Concierge scene, so that's how you should pronounce it:
Boids. Dirty, disgusting, filthy, lice ridden Boids. Boids. You get my drift?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aL6mTMShVyk
The other really cool rabbit hole to explore for generating tiles and even arbitrary graph based content (I'm sold: hexagons are the bestagons!) is "Wave Function Collapse", which doesn't actually have anything to do with quantum mechanics (it just sounds cool), but is actually a kind of constraint solver related to sudoku solvers.
https://escholarship.org/content/qt3rm1w0mn/qt3rm1w0mn_noSpl...
Maxim Gumin's work: https://github.com/mxgmn/WaveFunctionCollapse
Paul Merrell's work:
https://paulmerrell.org/model-synthesis/
https://paulmerrell.org/research/
Oskar Stålberg's work:
https://twitter.com/OskSta/status/784847588893814785
https://oskarstalberg.com/game/wave/wave.html
There's a way to define cellular automata rules by giving examples of the before and after patterns, and WFC is kind of like a statistical constraint solving version of that.
So it's really easy for artists to define rules just by drawing! Not even requiring any visual programming, but you can layer visual programming on top of it.
That's something that Alexander Repenning's "AgentSheets" supported (among other stuff): you could define cellular automata rules by before-and-after examples, wildcards and variables, and attach additional conditions and actions with a visual programming language.
AgentSheets and other cool systems are described in this classic paper: “A Taxonomy of Simulation Software: A work in progress” from Learning Technology Review by Kurt Schmucker at Apple. It covered many of my favorite systems.
http://donhopkins.com/home/documents/taxonomy.pdf
Chaim Gingold wrote a comprehensive "Gadget Background Survey" at HARC, which includes AgentSheets, Alan Kay's favorites: Rockey’s Boots and Robot Odyssey, and Chaim's amazing SimCity Reverse Diagrams and lots of great stuff I’d never seen before:
http://chaim.io/download/Gingold%20(2017)%20Gadget%20(1)%20S...
Chaim Gingold has analyzed the SimCity (classic) code and visually documented how it works, in his beautiful "SimCity Reverse Diagrams":
>SimCity reverse diagrams: Chaim Gingold (2016).
>These reverse diagrams map and translate the rules of a complex simulation program into a form that is more easily digested, embedded, disseminated, and and discussed (Latour 1986).
>The technique is inspired by the game designer Stone Librande’s one page game design documents (Librande 2010). If we merge the reverse diagram with an interactive approach—e.g. Bret Victor’s Nile Visualization (Victor 2013), such diagrams could be used generatively, to describe programs, and interactively, to allow rich introspection and manipulation of software.
>Latour, Bruno (1986). “Visualization and cognition”. In: Knowledge and Society 6 (1986), pp. 1– 40. Librande, Stone (2010). “One-Page Designs”. Game Developers Conference. 2010. Victor, Bret (2013). “Media for Thinking the Unthinkable”. MIT Media Lab, Apr. 4, 2013.
https://lively-web.org/users/Dan/uploads/SimCityReverseDiagr...
Agentsheets: Alexander Repenning (1993–)
Interacting agents are embedded and interact within
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how would you avoid making your randomly generated map look like a mess?
I thought you were kidding but it's an actual thing!
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ggez Falling Sand Simulation: Best way to draw massive amount of individual pixels every frame
https://github.com/mxgmn/WaveFunctionCollapse - Honorable mention, same guy.
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Ultra-high resolution (4900x800) generation in 1 step, 3GB memory, no manual editing, pure stable-diffusion
Neat! This approach reminds me a lot of Wave Function Collapse.
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Wave Function Collapse
Initial source of inspiration: https://github.com/mxgmn/WaveFunctionCollapse
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Yeah, I'll call this variable viscosity
It is actually a pretty new algorithm for procedural content generation. Check out this repo
v2ray-core
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Russia has started indiscriminately blocking all OpenVPN/WireGuard connections
Hey there! Lots of experience with this having lived in China for 2 years. I recommend you look into xray-core or v2ray.
https://github.com/v2fly/v2ray-core
https://github.com/XTLS/Xray-core
Here are my configs: https://github.com/acheong08/notes/tree/main/xray
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V2Ray GeoIP for Iran
cd ~ wget https://github.com/v2fly/v2ray-core/releases/download/v5.7.0/v2ray-linux-64.zip sudo apt install -y unzip unzip v2ray-linux-64.zip cp geoip/output/dat/* . ./v2ray uuid
- How to get Mullvad working when it is blocked
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How to secure internet on an open Wi-Fi?
If the changing por trick work you can try shadowsocks or v2ray.
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Working from China
Normal VPNs that you can see ads all over the place like N*rdVPN won't work, period. The correct way is to rent a few servers from different providers, make sure their ips are not blocked, and build your own V2Ray or Trojan service first. The Chinese gov will not be able to distinguish your Trojan traffic from ordinary https traffic, so the only thing that's sus to them would be the fact that all your traffic goes to one foreign ip, but I've been doing it for a few years without officials knocking on my door so yeah I think it will work for you as well. I don't take responsibility tho, do your research.
- V2ray vs Shadowsocks, which one should I host?
- Need help to bypass website block from school/company wifi
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China VPN help - nothing works?
V2ray project https://github.com/v2fly/v2ray-core
- 懂哥指导下自建梯子教程
What are some alternatives?
Xray-core - Xray, Penetrates Everything. Also the best v2ray-core, with XTLS support. Fully compatible configuration.
v2rayN - A GUI client for Windows, support Xray core and v2fly core and others
v2ray-core - A platform for building proxies to bypass network restrictions.
Cloak - A censorship circumvention tool to evade detection by authoritarian state adversaries
v2rayNG - A V2Ray client for Android, support Xray core and v2fly core
netch - A simple proxy client
v2ray-agent - (VLESS+TCP+TLS/VLESS+TCP+XTLS/VLESS+gRPC+TLS/VLESS+WS+TLS/VMess+TCP+TLS/VMess+WS+TLS/Trojan+TCP+TLS/Trojan+gRPC+TLS/Trojan+TCP+XTLS)+伪装站点、八合一共存脚本,支持多内核安装
quic-go - A QUIC implementation in pure Go
v2rayA - A web GUI client of Project V which supports VMess, VLESS, SS, SSR, Trojan, Tuic and Juicity protocols. 🚀
shadowsocks-windows - A C# port of shadowsocks
Matsuri - Matsuri (茉莉) / V2Ray / universal proxy toolchain for Android / Fork of SagerNet
free - 翻墙、免费翻墙、免费科学上网、免费节点、免费梯子、免费ss/v2ray/trojan节点、蓝灯、谷歌商店、翻墙梯子